<p>Postojna Cave  is a 24,340 m long karst cave system near Postojna, southwestern Slovenia. It is the second-longest cave system in the country  as well as one of its top tourism sites. The caves were created by the Pivka River.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The cave was first described in the 17th century by the pioneer of study of karst phenomena, Johann Weikhard von Valvasor, although graffiti inside dated to 1213 indicates a much longer history of use. In 1818, when the cave was being prepared for a visit by Francis I, the first Emperor of the Austria-Hungary, a new area of the cave was discovered accidentally by local Luka Čeč.</p><br>
<p>In 1819, Archduke Ferdinand visited the caves, this is when the caves became officially known as a tourist destination. Čeč became the first official tourist guide for the caves when the caves were opened to the public. Electric lighting was added in 1884, preceding even Ljubljana, the capital of Carniola, of which the cave was part at the time, and further enhancing the cave system&#39;s popularity.</p><br>
<p>In 1872, cave rails were laid along with first cave train for tourists. At first, these were pushed along by the guides themselves, later at the beginning of the 20th century a gas locomotive was introduced.</p><br>
<p>During World War I, Russian prisoners of war were forced to construct a bridge across a large chasm inside the cave.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, German occupying forces used the cave to store nearly 1,000 barrels of aircraft fuel, which were destroyed in April 1944 by Slovene Partisans. The fire burned for seven days, destroying a large section of the cave and blackening the entrance.</p><br>
<p>After 1945, the gas locomotive was replaced by an electric one. About 5.3 km of the cave system are open to the public.</p><br>
<p>In June 2015 the cave administration reported that cave divers managed to explore a further underwater section of the cave leading towards Planina Cave, thus lengthening the cave system from 20,570 m to 24,120 m. The cave also houses the world’s only underground post office.</p><br>
<h2>Natural environment</h2><br>
<p>The caves are also home to the endemic olm, the largest troglodytic amphibian in the world. The tour through the caves includes an aquarium with some olms in it. On January 30, 2016, a female olm at the cave began to lay over 50 eggs. This rare event led to global news about Postojna Cave and the olm. From the end of May to mid-July 2016, twenty-two baby olms successfully hatched. Karst topography refers to a plateau in southwestern Slovenia and northeastern Italy, which gave the name to karst topography.</p><br>
<p>Postojna Cave was carved by the Pivka River over millions of years. There are stalagmites, stalactites, and formations called curtains or draperies that look like folded curtains.</p><br>
<p>The cave system is 24.12 km long and is made up of four caves interconnected through the same underground river. However, according to speleology rules, the passages and siphons connecting the caves must be walked or swum through by man for them to be considered one whole. Connecting two of the main cave systems will make this the longest cave system in Slovenia and one of the longest in all of Europe. There remain 400 m between the two caves, which would make the cave system between 31,000 m and 35,000 m long.</p><br>
<h2>Environmental issues</h2><br>
<p>Water from karst springs is important for the water supply; drinking water from karst aquifers supplies one-fourth of the world and half of Slovenia&#39;s population. The vulnerability of caves is high due to the nature of water drainage in karst areas and its limited self-cleaning capacity. Surface pollutants like pesticides, heavy metals, and fertilizers, which seep into subterranean waters, pose a great danger to cave-dwelling animals, including the olm, for which prolonged exposure to pollution may prove fatal. The olm’s natural habitats are therefore part of the European Natura 2000 Network.</p><br>
<h2>Permanent exhibition</h2><br>
<p>The exhibition "EXPO Postojna Cave Karst" was opened in April 2014. It is the largest permanent exhibition about the cave and karst phenomena around the world. The exhibition features interactive presentations about the history of the tourism-related development of the cave. Visitors learn about karst phenomena through projections of various material onto a three-dimensional model, discover the special features of the karst environment, and learn about historic events at Postojna Cave on the Wall of Fame. The exhibition is of interest to both the general public and experts. Children are interactively guided through the exhibition by an olm and a slenderneck beetle, and can ride a cave train by themselves.</p><br>
<p>The DeSoto Falls of Georgia are located in Lumpkin County, Georgia along Frogtown Creek. There are actually three waterfalls on Frogtown Creek, called Upper DeSoto Falls, Middle Desoto Falls and Lower DeSoto Falls. The upper waterfall drops 200 ft, the middle waterfall drops 90 ft and the lower waterfall drops 35 ft. The overall height of the falls, as measured inclusive of non-vertical falls, cascades and steep stream bed, is 480 ft. DeSoto Falls are located at an elevation of 3,560 ft on Rocky Mountain.</p><br>
<p>The DeSoto Falls are named for Spanish explorer Hernando deSoto, who passed through Georgia around 1540. According to a sign posted on the DeSoto Falls Trail, a 2.4 mi in and out hiking trail to the falls, a plate of armor was discovered at the base of the falls in the 1880s.</p><br>
<p>The falls are part of the Chattahoochee National Forest and located in a 650 acre area designated the Desoto Falls Scenic Area. There is also a campground located along the banks of Frogtown Creek. DeSoto Falls is one of four popular waterfalls in the Forest located near Helen, Georgia. The other three popular waterfalls are Anna Ruby Falls, Dukes Creek Falls and Raven Cliff Falls, all located in neighboring White County.</p><br>
<p>Brock Crags is a fell in the English Lake District, standing above Hartsop in the Far Eastern Fells. It forms part of the perimeter of Martindale, lying on the long ridge from Rampsgill Head to Place Fell.</p><br>
<h2>Location of summit</h2><br>
<p>Wainwright gave the name Brock Crags to the section of ridge between Rest Dodd and Angletarn Pikes, although the summit carrying this name stands to the west of the watershed. A higher unnamed top (1,870 ft) was ignored in his Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells, despite standing on the ridge. This is one of the many reasons why Wainwrights differ from more systematic hill lists such as Hewitts or Nuttalls.</p><br>
<h2>Tophy</h2><br>
<p>Brock Crags sends out a narrow climbing ridge eastwards to Rest Dodd, having steep ground on both sides. Satura Crag is on the north face, looking down into the head of Bannerdale, while Prison Crag is halfway down the southern flank, above Hayeswater Gill. This stream flows into Goldrill Beck near Hartsop village and then heads northwards for Ullswater. From the true (1,870 ft) summit the ridge turns north toward Angletarn Pikes. The picturesque indented form of Angle Tarn lies just west of the depression between these fells.</p><br>
<p>Protruding from this angle in the ridge like a swollen elbow is the main body of the fell. It consists of a circular area of high ground about half a mile across, with a number of rocky knolls. Brock Crags itself has two tops, the lower one having the OS spot height. North of here is Cat Crag (1,645 ft), an outlier overlooking Angle Tarn, and further subsidiary heights stand above Hartsop at the brink of Lingy Crag.</p><br>
<p>Below Lingy Crag on the western side there is an area of broadleaved plantation above Goldrill Beck, but the slopes are invariably steep. Angletarn Beck forms the northern boundary of Brock Crags, as it cuts through the parapet between Cat Crag and its parent fell to run through a gully to Goldrill Beck. The steeply gouged head of Bannerdale, including Buck Crags below the 1,870 ft summit, forms the north eastern flank of the fell, the inside of the elbow.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>The summit has a small tarn between the two highest knolls, and gives a fine all round view. A short and simple ascent can be made from Hartsop, although the upper section has no clear path.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>The main walkers&#39; route from Patterdale to High Street is a clear path running along the ridge and passing just below the true summit.</p><br>
<p>The Sibillini Mountains, or Sibylline Mountains  are a mountain group in Italy, part of the central Apennines. Situated between eastern Umbria and the Marche, they are mostly composed of limestone rocks, formed in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic  on the bottom of an extinct sea. The land emerged 20 million years ago. Most of the peaks are over 2,000 m; the highest altitude is reached by Monte Vettore at 2,476 m.</p><br>
<p>Since 1993 the area has been part of the Parco Nazionale dei Monti Sibillini (Sibillini Mountains National Park).</p><br>
<p>The current morphology, largely dominated by U-shaped valleys and glacial depressions, is due to the action of glaciers in the Quaternary period. Also regions of Karst topography are in evidence, caused by extension of the crust beneath western Italy and the Tyrrhenian Sea.</p><br>
<p>Legend says that a cave of the Sibyl (women), a necromancer who survived Christian persecutions against paganism at later Roman age, housed a male prophet who rarely revealed secrets of the future. Necromancers and knights, came from across Europe, after exhausting journeys trying to seize an oracle of Sybil.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife and vegetation</h2><br>
<p>crested porcupine</p><br>
<p>eurasian eagle owl</p><br>
<p>golden eagle</p><br>
<p>peregrine falcon</p><br>
<p>roe deer</p><br>
<p>vipera</p><br>
<p>wildcat</p><br>
<p>wolf</p><br>
<p>The small Lago di Pilato within a deep u-shaped valley below Monte Vettore, is home to a crustacean endemic of this location, the Chirocephalus marchesonii.</p><br>
<p>The area contains stands of beech scattered amongst open subalpine grasslands and meadows maintained by the grazing of sheep.</p><br>
<p>Copper Culture State Park is a 42 acre Wisconsin state park in Oconto, northeastern Wisconsin. The park has natural areas, farmlands, archaeological sites, and a Native American museum.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<h3>Archaeological site</h3><br>
<p>The park contains an ancient burial ground used by the Old Copper Complex Culture of early Native Americans, between 5,000 and 6,000 years ago during the Copper Age. It was rediscovered in June 1952 by a 13-year-old boy who unearthed human bones while playing in an old quarry. By July the first archaeological dig had commenced, as part of the program of the Wisconsin Archaeological Survey.</p><br>
<h4>Artifacts</h4><br>
<p>Utilitarian products were much more numerous than ornamental items in the grave goods found, and the ancient artifacts were created from various materials.</p><br>
<p>Copper: awls, crescents, clasps; and a spear-point, fishhook, bracelet, spirally-coiled tubing, rivet, and a spatula.</p><br>
<p>Chipped stone: scraper, projectile points.</p><br>
<p>Bone: awl (fish jawbone), and a "fine specimen of a whistle" (leg bone of a swan).</p><br>
<p>Antler: possible flaking tools.</p><br>
<p>Shell: pond snail (Campeloma decisum) beads.</p><br>
<p>The ancient burial ground is a National Historic Landmark, on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Wisconsin, and protected within Copper Culture State Park.</p><br>
<h3>Charles Werrebroeck Museum</h3><br>
<p>The Oconto Archaic Copper Museum is located within the Charles Werrebroeck Museum—Belgium Home, a traditional Belgian style farmhouse built in 1924 by Charles Werrebroeck. Artifacts and photographs from excavations on the park&#39;s grounds are displayed in the museum.</p><br>
<h3>Recreation</h3><br>
<p>Other features in the 40-acre Copper Culture State Park include picnic tables, BBQ grills, restrooms, and a community pavilion.</p><br>
<p>Nature trails explore various natural habitats in the park.</p><br>
<p>Laurentian Mixed Forest woodlands</p><br>
<p>Riparian zone of the Oconto River, and fishing in it.</p><br>
<p>Short-grass prairie</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>Copper Culture State Park is managed by the Oconto County Historical Society, a non-profit organization, rather than the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, therefore admission is free. Visitors do not require a Wisconsin state park pass to enter, but are encouraged to make a donation at the museum.</p><br>
<p>The Charles Werrebroeck Museum, with the Oconto Archaic Copper Museum, is open in the summer from Memorial Day to Labor Day, on Saturday and Sunday from 11am to 3pm, or by appointment. Free admission and guided tours are available.</p><br>
<p>Dragon Cone is a monogenetic cinder cone located in Wells Gray Provincial Park in east-central British Columbia. It is the source of a 15 km long lava flow, called Dragon&#39;s Tongue. This lava covered the floor of narrow Falls Creek Valley and terminated at the Clearwater River, damming it to a height of 3 m and raising the level of existing Clearwater Lake upstream. Geologists have recovered some peat buried by the lava and radiocarbon dating produced an age of 7560 years plus or minus 100 years. Flows from nearby Flourmill Cone, Kostal Cone and Spanish Lake Cones rest on glaciated bedrock without an intervening paleosol, suggesting an early Holocene age.</p><br>
<p>Visits to Dragon Cone are very rare due to difficult access. The nearest trail is the overgrown Kostal Lake Trail, over 5 km to the south. Falls Creek is impassable for boats. The cone is best viewed from the air, but float plane landings on nearby Ray Lake are not permitted.</p><br>
<p>The Spectrum Range, formerly called the Spectrum Mountains and the Rainbow Mountains, is a subrange of the Tahltan Highland in the Stikine Country of northwestern British Columbia, 20 km west of the Stewart-Cassiar Highway, south of Mount Edziza and north of the Arctic Lake Plateau. The Spectrum Range falls within Mount Edziza Provincial Park. The range is lightly glaciated, as compared to the other ranges to the west. It is accessible only by foot or via helicopter; there are no roads to the range.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Like the Rainbow and Itcha–Ilgachuz Ranges at the western end of the Chilcotin Plateau farther south, the range&#39;s name derives from the brilliant colours that are symptomatic from heavy mineralization comprising the material forming the range.</p><br>
<p>The Spectrum Range is one of four large stratovolcanoes that make up the Mount Edziza volcanic complex. A predominantly lava dome overlies a basal shield volcano. The range is Pliocene in age and on its southwestern flank contains Pleistocene subglacial and subaerial cones and its northwest and southwest sides contain Holocene pyroclastic cones and lava flows. The youngest feature in the volcanic complex could be The Ash Pit.</p><br>
<h2>Volcanoes</h2><br>
<p>The volcanoes that make up the Spectrum Range include:</p><br>
<p>Nahta Cone</p><br>
<p>The Ash Pit</p><br>
<p>Mess Lake</p><br>
<p>Outcast Hill</p><br>
<p>Thaw Hill</p><br>
<p>Source Hill</p><br>
<p>Tadekho Hill</p><br>
<p>Wetalth Ridge</p><br>
<p>Exile Hill</p><br>
<p>Spectrum Dome</p><br>
<p>Little Iskut</p><br>
<p>Yeda Peak</p><br>
<p>The Weston Reservoir is part of the greater Boston water supply maintained by the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority. It is located in central Weston, with its principal public access point on Ash Street.</p><br>
<p>Until the 1960s, the Weston Reservoir was one of two primary distribution reservoirs close to Boston, receiving water from the Sudbury Reservoir via the Weston Aqueduct (placed in service in December 1903). In the 1930s the system was extended to include water from the Quabbin Reservoir, delivered to the Sudbury Reservoir via the Wachusett Reservoir and Wachusett Aqueduct. Ths system has since the mid-20th century been upgraded to use completely underground facilities downstream of the Wachusett Reservoir. The Weston Reservoir remains a backup connection to two underground storage tanks near the Massachusetts Turnpike elsewhere in Weston.</p><br>
<p>Walkers extensively use the area around the Weston Reservoir. This reservoir is maintained by the MWRA along with other open distribution reservoirs (Sudbury, Foss, Brackett, Stearns, Norumbega, Waban, Spot Pond, Chestnut Hill and Middlesex Fells) as a backup distribution system. The grounds of this reservoir are also used by the MWRA&#39;s Emergency Service Unit for training and storage of emergency trucks and equipment.</p><br>
<p>Snake Mountain, 1,287 ft, also called Grand View Mountain, is an isolated mountain located in Addison and Weybridge, Vermont; it belongs to a series of scattered hills extending from the greater Taconic Mountains geology. Snake Mountain contains the state of Vermonts 1,215 acre Snake Mountain Wildlife Management Area and The Nature Conservancys Willmarth Woods Sanctuary. Several hiking trails ascend the mountain . Seen from the west, the mountain rises dramatically  out of the nearby valley making it easy to recognize from other nearby hills and mountains.</p><br>
<p>The mountain was once the site of The Grand View Hotel, built in 1870 by Jonas N. Smith. The hotel burned down but its foundations and the open vista of Lake Champlain remain. Smith&#39;s stage coach road to the summit is now the primary hiking trail.</p><br>
<p>In memory of the hotel, the view from the summit is named "Grand View."</p><br>
<p>The Perth River is a river located in the Southern Alps in the West Coast region of New Zealand&#39;s South Island. Its source is in terrace icefields north of the Rangitata Divide and is joined by multiple tributaries, including a creek from Abel Lake. It features a number of rapids and passes through two gorges before meeting the Whataroa River. The river is largely inaccessible, but recently, an adventure tourism company has begun offering "heli-rafting" on the river: whitewater rafters are flown in by helicopter to raft the river.</p><br>
<p>Kayakers have been flying ("heli-boating") up the Perth for a number of years. The normal rafting put in at Five-Finger stream gives a nice class III-IV run with one amazing gorge. By flying up to Scone Hut, the trip becomes one of the best IV-V runs on the coast. More recently paddlers have been flying or walking upstream of scone hut for some V-V+ excitement.</p><br>
<p>Aotearoa.</p><br>
<p>Otis Reservoir is a 1,085 acre reservoir located primarily in Otis, Massachusetts. Small portions are also in Tolland, MA, and Blandford, MA. The lake is popular for boating, swimming, fishing, water skiing, snowmobiling, camping, and water-related recreation. Fish include bass, white perch, yellow perch, tiger muskies, catfish, and bluegills. The reservoir is stocked with trout by the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries & Wildlife.</p><br>
<p>The current lake was formed from the flooding of three ponds, Rand, Little and Msssenger Ponds in 1865, by a dam across the Fall River, a tributary of the Farmington River created by the Farmington River Power Company. It was used for water storage, ensuring a steady supply of water power for mills along the Farmington River. In the early part of the twentieth century, the rise of the automobile led to the development of many seasonal cottages along the lake shore. Building took place along most of the lake shore and on many inland lots. These cottages were fairly inexpensive, being purchased by middle-class people: bankers, barbers, tradesmen, construction contractors, and others.</p><br>
<p>A trend that accelerated in the 1980s was for wealthy people to purchase cottages and upgrade or replace them with expensive second homes. This trend continues. Many people from Connecticut and New York use these as weekend or vacation homes. In addition, many have converted their cottages into year-round residences.</p><br>
<p>Tolland State Forest, a popular camping, boat launch, and swimming area occupies about a quarter of the shoreline. A private campground, Camp Overflow, is also located on the reservoir. A small marina, J&D Marina, also ran a boat launch facility on the north side of the lake from 1970 to 2006, but local word has it that the property will soon be converted into a private real estate development, or donated to the Audubon Society.</p><br>
<p>The water level is seasonal, being lowered by about 10 ft over the winter. The reservoir fills in the spring from snow melt and underground springs. The lake is usually at full level by late spring, but in the occasional years of low snow melt and low rainfall, it may remain up to several feet below its typical level. Water is let out of the lake in the fall so that ice will not damage docks and other structures around the lake. This also leads to excellent water quality, as a significant portion of the water is replaced every year.</p><br>
<p>11 East Forsyth, formerly known as the Lynch Building and the American Heritage Life Building, is a historic structure in Jacksonville, Florida. Originally developed by Stephen Andrew Lynch, as its current name suggests, it is located at 11 East Forsyth Street in Downtown Jacksonville. On December 23, 2003, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Vestcor invested more than $24 million to restore the building&#39;s exterior and transform the former offices into loft apartments, which tenants began to occupy during 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The 17-story, 153,000 ft&sup2; building originally contained commercial offices and was opened by entrepreneur and film pioneer Stephen Andrew Lynch. It was designed by architects Pringle & Smith in 1926 in the Chicago School style. It was constructed with limestone, marble and a facade of brick; the top of the structure contained a capital of terra-cotta. When it opened in 1926, it was Jacksonville&#39;s second tallest building, one floor less than the Barnett National Bank Building.</p><br>
<p>The building was renovated in 1962 and renamed the American Heritage Life Building when it was utilized as home office of the American Heritage Life Insurance Company. When the company built a new headquarters and left the downtown during the late 1980s, the structure was unoccupied for many years.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>Jacksonville developer Vestcor began a historic preservation of the building in 2002 after obtaining a $17.8 million, 1.5% interest, 20-year loan from the city of Jacksonville. Elevators, HVAC, electrical, plumbing and other infrastructure was modernized and a six-story parking garage was constructed adjacent to the building. The second floor was converted into a large community club room, a fitness center and a media room. Modern amenities were added while respecting the historic integrity of the structure. The building was renamed to "11 East Forsyth" and 127 apartments were opened in 2003 after $24 million and a year of construction. A Starbucks coffee bistro opened, but subsequently closed, leaving no tenants in the 4,500 ft&sup2; of first-floor commercial space.</p><br>
<p>In late December 2009, Vestcor requested a modification to their loan terms, citing three years of operating losses at 11 East and their other renovated building, The Carling. The company asked for three years of interest-only payments plus low interest loans to potential tenants for the empty commercial space at 11 East. Three months later, the city approved the plan for principal deferral but took no action on tenant loans.</p><br>
<p>The Van Brunt House  is a historic home in Miccosukee, northeastern Leon County, Florida, US.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Van Brunt House is located on State Road 59, north of the junction with Moccasin Gap Road. On February 27, 1997, it was added to the US National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History and construction</h2><br>
<p>The home was constructed in 1911 by Richard A. Van Brunt, a merchant who owned and operated a country general store in Miccosukee. It is a wood framed vernacular building with a symmetrical facade. There is a central main door with transom and side lights. It has a side gabled roof with dominant gable returns. Further, it has two chimneys that serve six fireplaces. The gable returns were possibly borrowed from the Methodist Church and Averitt-Winchester House. Van Brunt and his neighbor, Dr. Strickland, were from the Iamonia community, where Van Brunt ran a successful general store and cotton business. His business was also moved to Miccosukee but it was short-lived. Van Brunt died in 1914 and his widow continued in life by boarding teachers employed at the Concord School.</p><br>
<p>The William J. Burns House is a historic house located at 47 South Washington Drive in Sarasota, Florida. It is locally significant as an excellent example of the Mediterranean Revival style, as well as the work of local architect Thomas Reid Martin.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It is a 2-story, Mediterranean Revival style house with an irregular floor plan. It rests on a concrete foundation and has exterior walls of stucco. Most of the house is covered with hipped roof segments, surfaced with clay barrel tiles. A few areas of the roof are flat due to its extensive use of built-uproofing material. Scuppers are placed right below the roof line at intervals around the house.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 21, 1997.</p><br>
<p>Aotea Lagoon is an artificial lagoon surrounded by a 7 hectare public park</p><br>
<p>in the Papakowhai suburb of Porirua, North Island, New Zealand.</p><br>
<p>Aotea and two nearby lagoons were created when major arterial transport links were realigned</p><br>
<p>from the natural coastline to land reclaimed from Porirua Harbour.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>The lagoon is 5 hectare of seawater,</p><br>
<p>connected to Porirua Harbour by a culvert</p><br>
<p>under the model windmill.</p><br>
<p>Three stormwater drains empty into the lagoon,</p><br>
<p>two in the east bank, the third in the south-east under the jetty.</p><br>
<p>The lagoon&#39;s</p><br>
<p>"water body receives limited flushing and aeration" and "little can be done to improve water quality without extensive engineering works."</p><br>
<p>Poor water quality means swimming is prohibited.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The North Island Main Trunk railway and State Highway 1 used to run round three bays between Porirua and Paremata. In 1961 the railway was realigned to a causeway built between headlands at the mouth of Porirua Stream, Gear Homestead, present day Thurso Grove and Forth Place. Cut off from the sea, the bays became lagoons. The lagoons were partly filled in, with material from the Ministry of Works and Development&#39;s local</p><br>
<p>earthworks, then the highway was realigned inland of the railway.</p><br>
<p>The Ministry, Porirua City Council, Project Employment Programme and local service clubs turned the area around the middle lagoon into a public park, Originally leased from the Crown, the park was taken over by the City Council in 1994.</p><br>
<h2>Facilities</h2><br>
<p>The parks centrepiece is a path around the lagoon, the easiest of Poriruas top 12 walking and cycling tracks.</p><br>
<p>The Waitangirua Lions built a ¼ scale ridable miniature railway with an 833 m loop track including two bridges and a tunnel.</p><br>
<p>The train runs Sunday afternoon, weather permitting, from Pipitea Station south-west of the lagoon.</p><br>
<p>The park has lawns on three sides, some with barbecues.</p><br>
<p>Other facilities from the north-east are adventure and toddlers&#39; playgrounds, a duck pond crossed by boardwalk, an island reached by bridge and a Pétanque terrain. In the south-west corner are another duck pond and a rose garden.</p><br>
<p>Most people visit Aotea Lagoon for exercise or relaxation while children enjoy the playgrounds, feeding the ducks, riding bicycles and the train.</p><br>
<p>Mount Pisgah is the highest point in Northborough, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>Features of the land include:</p><br>
<p>Hardwood forest on former farmland</p><br>
<p>Two scenic vistas to the east and Boston, MA skyscrapers visible on a clear day</p><br>
<p>Connection to trails in Berlin, MA</p><br>
<p>92 acre of land owned by MassWildlife</p><br>
<h2>Trails</h2><br>
<p>The summit is marked at the intersection of the Summit Trail and the Tyler Trail. Look for the cairn, the marker is to the right.</p><br>
<p>In June 2005, under a stewardship agreement with MassWildlife, the Northborough Trails committee took over maintenance of about three miles (5 km) of recently developed trails on the MassWildlife property located on the south end of Mt. Pisgah. The Fisher Trail and a small portion of the Vernal Pool Trail are on private property, and those land owners have agreed to allow the public&#39;s continued use of those trails, publication on a new map, and maintenance of the trails. All motorized vehicles, including ATVs, are prohibited from MassWildlife property.</p><br>
<p>In June 2006 a new map of the Mt. Pisgah Conservation Area was completed by the Sudbury Valley Trustees after nearly a years worth of work between the two organizations. The map shows all the trails open to the public’s use from the MassWildlife land on the south side of Mt. Pisgah to Linden Street in Berlin on the north side. See the External Links for the map.</p><br>
<h2>Directions</h2><br>
<p>From Northborough take Church Street at Mobil Station. Turn right onto Howard Street after the church on the hill. Bear left onto Green Street and continue to the top of Ball Hill. Turn right onto Smith Road. Conservation sign on right designates parking area for trails. About four miles (6 km) from center of town.</p><br>
<p>The Cheyenne Depot Museum is a railroad museum located in Cheyenne, Wyoming.</p><br>
<p>It is located inside the historic Union Pacific Railroad depot. This depot was built in 1886/7.</p><br>
<p>Typically the Cheyenne Depot Museum hosts an annual Steam Train Excursion in July.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The station is built from blocks of sandstone quarried and transported from Ft. Collins, Colorado. The Depot stands directly down the street from, and facing the, Wyoming State Capitol building, signalling its historic significance in the city and state.</p><br>
<p>It received major renovations in 1922 to lengthen the building and a redecoration 1929. From 2001 to 2006, another renovation to the depot is being made including a $6.5 million US dollar improvement provided by the City of Cheyenne and plaza built in front of the Depot. This plaza hosts a variety of music and events throughout the year.</p><br>
<p>Amtrak&#39;s San Francisco Zephyr ceased serving this station directly in 1979 in favor of a new station in Borie, south of Cheyenne. This eliminated a time-consuming backup move in and out of the station. Passengers were bused between Borie and Cheyenne.</p><br>
<p>The Old West Museum and Cheyenne Frontier Days made an agreement which established the Cheyenne Depot Museum, Inc. as a 501(c)3 Corporation non-profit organization. The depot is under lease from the city of Cheyenne to this corporation for 25 years.</p><br>
<p>Beda Fell is a fell in the English Lake District, situated to the south of Ullswater. It divides the valleys of Boredale and Bannerdale within the Martindale system.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>The southern boundary of the Martindale catchment is formed by a long ridge running from Rampsgill Head to Place Fell. Spurs run north from here to separate the individual valleys and Beda Fell is one of these. Starting from its parent fell of Angletarn Pikes, the spur runs north for around two and a half miles before dropping to valley level close to Sandwick. Part way along, Beda Fell broadens and rises to its summit, the top being named as Beda Head.</p><br>
<p>The top of the ridge is grassy, but the flanks are universally steep with considerable areas of crag. The western Boredale side is fairly straight, with Brock Crag below the summit and Low Brock Crag further north. The eastern flank bows outward around the summit area as the fell widens and then narrows again. Bannerdale runs below the southern slopes on this side, before merging with Rampsgill to form Howe Grain on the journey to Ullswater. Just north of the summit are Allen Crag, Ewe Crag, Raven Crag and Thrang Crag, falling in tiers from the ridge. Further on, above Howe Grain, are more rock faces at Nickles, Halstead Brow and Winter Crag.</p><br>
<p>Descending from Angletarn Pikes, Beda Fell begins as a series of rocky knolls on a narrowing ridge. The last of these is Bedafell Knott at 1,580 ft, after which grass generally prevails. A double depression at 1,460 ft is crossed before the ridge climbs to Beda Head, the summit of the fell. Passing north from here the ridge narrows dramatically between the crags and falls to the unenclosed road from Howtown to Sandwick, finally reaching valley level at the confluence of Howe Grain and Boredale.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>Beda Head is a grassy mound with a small cairn. There is a good view of the surrounding high fells, but the wideness of the ridge hides much of the neighbouringing valleys. Ullswater is visible, either side of Hallin Fell.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>Beda Fell is easily climbed straight up the ridge from the road. This walk can also be started from a quarter mile up either Boredale or Howe Grain, a path traversing the fell just below the subsidiary summit topping Winter Crag. A good path continues southward from the summit to reach Angletarn Pikes. The ridge is also crossed near Bedafell Knott by a bridleway from Patterdale (via Boredale Hause) to the end of the bannerdale road at Dale Head Farm.</p><br>
<p>The best way up Beda Fell, which I love and have climbed many times. as have my wife and children, is to take the upper path at the back of Winter Crag Farm taking you northward through bracken to your first "summit" on the ridge, then start the delightful and rewarding walk southwards along and up the ridge to Beda Fell Knott. The option then is either descend the same way or walk on over Angle Tarn Pikes, enjoy the beautiful Angle Tarn, a lovely lake at 1600 feet, then descend southward to Patterdale where, if you have got your timing right, you can catch the steamer up the lake Ullswater back to Howtown from Glenridding.</p><br>
<p>We have found it safer to camp in Glenridding (Gill Side Farm), catch a morning steamer, have a quick coke and sandwich at The Howtown Hotel then do the walk. Tim Holt</p><br>
<p>The Tirur River begins in the Tirur taluk village of Athvanad in the Malappuram district of the state of Kerala in south India and flows south-west to Thiruvnavaya and then north-west to Elamkulam where it turns south-west, joining the Bharathapuzha River, which flows into the Arabian Sea near the coastal town of Ponnani. It is known for its beautiful mangroves and its many varieties of fishes and birds.</p><br>
<p>This river is navigable and forms part of west coast water transport system. Its length is 48 km.</p><br>
<p>Thunchaththu Ramanujan Ezhuthachan - the father of Malayalam literature was born and brought up on the banks of this river and his birthplace at Thunjan Parambu is situated very near to the river and the place is called Annara desam and Trikkandiyoor amsom in the former Kingdom of Tanur (Vettattnad). Vallathol Narayana Menon, poet and the founder of Kerala Kalamandalam, was also born on the banks of this river.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas Leiper Estate, also known as Avondale, is a historic estate located at Wallingford in Nether Providence Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. It was built by Thomas Leiper around 1785, and named Strath Haven after Leipers birthplace in Strathaven, Scotland. The estate includes the following: the three-story, yellow stuccoed mansion house, "Fireproof" vault, communal outhouse, barn, carriage house, smokehouse, warehouse, tenants house, and quarry.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>The Friends of the Leiper House offers weekend guided tours of the house from April through December.</p><br>
<p>Leiper estate bank.jpgFireproof vault</p><br>
<p>Thomas Leiper Estate 8 seater.jpg"Necessary", seats eight</p><br>
<p>Mount Waumbek is a mountain located in Coos County, New Hampshire. The mountain is part of the Pliny Range of the White Mountains. Waumbek is flanked to the northeast by Mount Weeks, to the west by Mount Starr King, and to the southeast by Pliny Mountain . Waumbek is drained by various brooks into the Israel River, and thence into the Connecticut River and Long Island Sound.</p><br>
<p>Waumbek is one of the Appalachian Mountain Club&#39;s "Four-thousand footers" and is located inside the White Mountain National Forest. The summit can be reached from USA Route 2 via the Starr King Trail, a segment of the Cohos Trail, from Jefferson village. The Starr King Trail climbs moderately to the summit of Mount Starr King where there used to be a lodge and then across the ridge to the wooded summit of Mount Waumbek. On some older maps it is shown as "Pliny Major" in the uninhabited township of Kilkenny. A colony of gregarious gray jays live near the summit of Starr King year-round.</p><br>
<p>During the early 1960s, the northern flank of Waumbek was under consideration for a ski resort to be named Willard Basin Ski Area, but the project was terminated and the land conveyed to the federal government.</p><br>
<p>Mount Cabot is a mountain located in Coos County, in the USA state of New Hampshire. The mountain is the highest peak of the Pilot Range of the White Mountains. Cabot is flanked to the northeast by The Bulge, and to the south of Bunnell Notch by Terrace Mountain. Mount Cabot was named in honor of the Italian explorer Sebastian Cabot.</p><br>
<p>Cabot is drained by various brooks on the west side into the Israel River and on the east into the West Branch of the Upper Ammonoosuc River, and thence into the Connecticut River and Long Island Sound.</p><br>
<p>Cabot is one of the Appalachian Mountain Clubs "four-thousand footers", the northernmost in New Hampshire. It is also on the New England Fifty Finest list of the most topographically prominent peaks. The valley of the Israel River separates the Pilot Range from the rest of the White Mountains; Mt. Cabots relative isolation gives it the fifth-highest topographic prominence in New Hampshire, and the fourteenth-highest in New England.</p><br>
<p>Mount Shaw is a mountain located in the towns of Moultonborough and Tuftonboro in Carroll County, New Hampshire, United States. It is part of the remains of an ancient volcanic ring dike. With a summit elevation of 2,990 ft, it is the highest of the Ossipee Mountains.</p><br>
<p>The Ossipee ring-dike complex of central New Hampshire is a visible remnant of a Cretaceous stratovolcano, ca. 125 Ma, a member of the later White Mountain igneous province. The complex is circular as viewed on maps and has a diameter of 14 km. The ring-dike complex is easy to identify within web-browsed satellite images, the southeast edge located about 8 km northwest of the town center of Ossipee.</p><br>
<p>Although of only moderate elevation, the isolation of the mountain range gives Shaw 2,330 ft of prominence above the low ground separating it from the White Mountains, making it one of twelve peaks in New Hampshire with a prominence over 2,000 ft.</p><br>
<p>Mount Shaw is located within the Castle in the Clouds estate. Its north and southeast sides drain into the Lovell and Dan Hole rivers, thence into the Ossipee River, Saco River and the Gulf of Maine. The southwest side drains into the Melvin River which flows into Lake Winnipesaukee, thence into the Winnipesaukee River, Merrimack River, and into the Gulf of Maine in Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>Muscle Shoals Sound Studio at 3614 Jackson Highway in Sheffield, Alabama was formed in 1969 by four session musicians called The Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section  who had left Rick Hall&#39;s nearby FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals to create their own recording facility. The group closed the Jackson Highway studio in 1979, moving the operation to 1000 Alabama Avenue. The old studio has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since June 2006. It was partly restored in the early 2000s and was sold to the Muscle Shoals Music Foundation in 2013. This group completed a major restoration and the location reopened on January 9, 2017. The Alabama Avenue location ceased operations in 2005 when it was sold to a record label.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The concrete block building at 3614 Jackson Highway in Sheffield was built around 1946 and was previously a coffin show room. It was converted to a recording studio in 1969 when a group of musicians called the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section decided to start their own operation in competition with the FAME Studios owned by Rick Hall. Over the years, artists who recorded at Muscle Shoals Sound Studio included The Rolling Stones, Aretha Franklin, Wilson Pickett, Willie Nelson, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Joe Cocker, Levon Helm, Paul Simon, Bob Seger, Rod Stewart, and Cat Stevens. Cher&#39;s sixth album was titled 3614 Jackson Highway (1969) and this became the informal name for the studio in 1969. The studio at this location closed in 1979, and the recording facility was moved to new premises at 1000 Alabama Avenue.</p><br>
<p>The Jackson Highway building had been partly restored and open for tours in 2013 when the documentary Muscle Shoals raised public interest in a major restoration of the studio. The Muscle Shoals Music Foundation was formed in 2013 to raise funds to purchase the building and to complete major renovations. In June 2013, Noel Webster sold the property to the Muscle Shoals Music Foundation, without the historic recording equipment. The foundation praised the contribution made to the project by Sheffield resident and attorney Gene Hambey. A large grant from Beats Electronics provided an essential $1 million. (Beats Electronics is a manufacturer of headphones and similar devices owned by Apple inc. and founded by Dr. Dre and Jimmy Iovine.) State tourism director Lee Sentell told the media in August 2015 that the 2013 Muscle Shoals film had significant influence. "The financial support from Beats is a direct result of their film." Additional donations were made by other groups and individuals. In 2015, foundation Board member Rodney Hall reminded fans of the value of the additional donations. "The foundation was able to purchase the building through the generosity of private investors like Gene Hamby, who understand the importance of preserving the legacy of Muscle Shoals music."</p><br>
<p>As recently as August 2015, tours were visiting the partly restored studio on Jackson Highway. It was closed when major restoration work started in September 2015. Muscle Shoals Sound Studio reopened as a finished tourist attraction on January 9, 2017, owned and operated by the foundation. The interior is reminiscent of the 1970s, with relevant recording equipment and paraphernalia. There are plans to allow artists to record in the studio, as well.</p><br>
<p>The Alabama Tourism Department named Muscle Shoals Sound Studio as the state&#39;s top attraction in 2017, even before the Jackson Highway studio reopened.</p><br>
<h3>Early history</h3><br>
<p>The four founders of the studio, Barry Beckett (keyboards), Roger Hawkins (drums), Jimmy Johnson (guitar) and David Hood (bass), affectionately called The Swampers, but usually known as the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section, were one of the best-known "house bands" or session musicians. (The nickname "The Swampers" was given to the group by the music producer Denny Cordell during recording sessions for Leon Russell because of their "funky, soulful Southern “swamp” sound".) They are referred to as "The Swampers" in the lyrics of "Sweet Home Alabama" (1974) by Lynyrd Skynyrd and appear on the cover of Cher&#39;s 1969 album 3614 Jackson Highway.</p><br>
<p>Initially they worked for Rick Hall, the founder of FAME Studios and they are recognized as having crafted the "Muscle Shoals sound" in conjunction with Hall. After leaving Rick Halls FAME Studios, the four musicians partnered with Jerry Wexler who provided start-up funding to found Muscle Shoals Sound Studio at 3614 Jackson Highway in Sheffield. The first hit to the studios credit was R. B. Greaves’ "Take a Letter Maria". By December 1969, the Rolling Stones were recording at this new location for three days.</p><br>
<p>The Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section was the first group of musicians to own a studio and to eventually run their own publishing and production companies. They provided musical backing and arrangements for many recordings, including major hits by Wilson Pickett, Aretha Franklin, and the Staple Singers; a wide range of artists in popular music also recorded hit songs and complete albums at the studio. They had first worked together in 1967 and initially played sessions in New York and Nashville before doing so at FAME. Their initial successes in soul and R&B led to more mainstream rock and pop performers who began coming to record at Muscle Shoals Sound Studios, including the Rolling Stones, Traffic, Bob Seger, Elton John, Boz Scaggs, Willie Nelson, Paul Simon, Bob Dylan, Dr. Hook, Elkie Brooks, Millie Jackson, Julian Lennon, and Glenn Frey.</p><br>
<h3>The two buildings</h3><br>
<p>The studio at 3614 Jackson Highway closed in April 1979, becoming an audio visual retailer and then an appliance store. A subsequent owner, Noel Webster, did some renovations and retained the old recording equipment, allowing for tours of the property.</p><br>
<p>The recording facility was relocated to updated and larger premises at 1000 Alabama Avenue in Sheffield in 1979. This location operated until it was closed and sold in 1985 to Tommy Couch&#39;s soul and blues label Malaco Records, based in Jackson, Mississippi, which also bought the publishing rights held by the Muscle Shoals Sound. Malaco used the Sheffield studios for its own artists, including Johnnie Taylor, Bobby Bland and Little Milton, as while continuing to operate its own facility in Jackson. The Rhythm Section, minus Beckett, worked with other studio musicians at Malaco Records and at other studios. In 2005, Couch decided to close the Malaco studio on Alabama Avenue because he was having difficulty competing with more technologically advanced studios.</p><br>
<h3>Recent history</h3><br>
<p>After the 1000 Alabama Avenue location closed in 2005, ending the Muscle Shoals Sound Studio era, the building was taken over by a movie production company. In 2017, this location housed Cypress Moon Productions and the Cypress Moon Studio with functioning recording equipment, which was operating as a recording studio and was open for tours.</p><br>
<p>Although it was no longer a working studio in 2009 and 2010, the Jackson Highway location was rented for recording some or all of two Grammy-nominated albums. Band of Horses&#39;s third CD, Infinite Arms, recorded in part at that studio, was nominated for a Grammy Award in the category Best Alternative Album.</p><br>
<p>Ten tracks of Black Keyss sixth album, Brothers, were also recorded at 3614 Jackson Highway. The album was nominated for a 2011 Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album. Two songs from the album, "Tighten Up" and "Black Mud", were nominated for Grammys: "Tighten Up" for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal and Best Rock Song and "Black Mud" for Best Rock Instrumental Performance. Rolling Stone magazine placed the album at number 2 on its list of the Best Albums of 2010 and "Everlasting Light" at number 11 on the its list of the Best Singles of 2010. The album was also featured on Spin magazines Top 40 Albums of 2010.</p><br>
<p>The four members of the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section who had founded the Sound Studio were inducted into the Nashville-based Musicians Hall of Fame in 2008 and into the Alabama Music Hall of Fame in 1995, "as four of the finest studio musicians in the world", also receiving the Lifework Award in 2008. They had appeared on "more than 500 recordings, including 75 gold and platinum hits".</p><br>
<h3>Original studio fate</h3><br>
<p>The original studio building on Jackson Highway was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in June 2006. In June 2013, the building was sold to the Muscle Shoals Music Foundation whose goal was to establish a music museum in the historic building. The foundation extensively restored the building and the studio. It was reopened as a tourist attraction, with plans for recording as well, on January 9, 2017.</p><br>
<p>According to a journalist who was a recent visitor, the restored studio is impressive: "Muscle Shoals Sound&#39;s interior appears much as it did in its prime.... Some guitars and amps. A Hammond organ, Wurlitzer electric piano and black baby grand. The control room with recording console and analog tape machine... There are isolation booths, for vocals, percussion and such..."</p><br>
<h2>Documentary</h2><br>
<p>Filmmaker Greg Camalier premiered his documentary film Muscle Shoals at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2013. It is about Muscle Shoals sound, and features Rick Hall, FAME Studios, and the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section (Swampers) who had founded the Muscle Shoals Sound Studios. The film includes interviews with Percy Sledge, Wilson Pickett, Aretha Franklin, Etta James, Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Steve Winwood, Bono, Alicia Keys and many others.</p><br>
<h2>Selected recordings</h2><br>
<p>Myall River, an open semi-mature brackish freshwater barrier estuary system, is located in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.</p><br>
<h2>Course and features</h2><br>
<p>Myall River rises of the southern slopes of Kyle Range within the Great Dividing Range, north northeast of Stroud, and flows generally south southeast then southwest, joined by tributaries including, before reaching its mouth within Port Stephens at Hawks Nest. Port Stephens then empties into the Tasman Sea of the South Pacific Ocean. The river descends 355 m over its 92 km course.</p><br>
<p>After flowing past the town of Bulahdelah, east of the small settlement of Nerong, the Myall River enters the most southern of the three Ramsar-protected Myall Lakes, Bombah Broadwater, within the Myall Lakes National Park. The flow of the river runs adjacent to the coastline and through both the Little Brasswater and the Brasswater near the towns of Tea Gardens, and Hawks Nest.</p><br>
<p>Two notable bridges cross the Myall River. The Bulahdelah Bridge, carries the Pacific Highway, across the river north of Bulahdelah and the Singing Bridge crosses the river between Tea Gardens and Hawks Nest.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>The word myall is an Australian Aboriginal term for a small silver-grey wattle tree.</p><br>
<p>The Jakobshorn  is a mountain of the Albula Alps, overlooking Davos in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. It is also one of the five skiing regions of the Davos Klosters Mountains, offering 14 pistes.</p><br>
<p>Located at the northern end of the range between the Dischmatal and Sertigtal, the Jakobshorn is served by a two-part cable car running from Davos Platz. Once on the mountain there are three chairlifts, one short cable car, and one T-Bar.</p><br>
<p>Since 1995 there has also been a two-person chair-lift, running from near the base station to the near the bottom of Usser Isch.</p><br>
<p>There are a variety of pistes on the Jakobshorn—blue, red and black—and the mountain is renowned for being a centre for snowboarding; Bolgen provides an illuminated super pipe.</p><br>
<p>Pistes are very wide and the area is popular with novice skiers, there are however a number of black terrains for the more adventurous skier. The main two lifts also open during the summer, from July–October, and there are many walks on the Jakobshorn.</p><br>
<p>The Jakobshorn is also a favoured take-off point for hang-gliders and snowkiters.</p><br>
<p>Loch Ken is 9-mile long freshwater loch in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. It lies in the Glenkens, where it is fed from the north by the Water of Ken and from the west by the Dee. It continues as the Dee south from Glenlochar, where the water is held back by the Glenlochar Barrage. Part of the Galloway hydro-electric power scheme, the barrage regulates the river&#39;s flow.</p><br>
<p>Villages around Loch Ken include Glenlochar at the south, Laurieston and Mossdale on the west side of the loch, and Crossmichael and Parton on the east. The village of New Galloway lies one mile to its north. The parish church of Balmaghie is also by the loch.</p><br>
<p>Loch Ken is used recreationally for, fishing, and sailing, with Glenlaggan Lodges and Loch Ken Marina catering to visitors.</p><br>
<p>A railway viaduct, once part of the Portpatrick Railway crosses the loch at Boat o&#39; Rhone, but is now disused.</p><br>
<p>Loch Ken and River Dee Marshes was designated a Ramsar site on 21 August 1992.</p><br>
<p>Fort Abercrombie, in North Dakota, was an American fort established by authority of an act of Congress, March 3, 1857. The act allocated twenty-five square miles of land on the Red River of the North in Dakota Territory to be used for a military outpost, but the exact location was left to the discretion of Lieutenant Colonel John J. Abercrombie. The fort was constructed in the year 1858. It was the first permanent military settlement in what became North Dakota, and is thus known as "The Gateway to the Dakotas".</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Because the original location was prone to flooding, a new fort was built at a higher location in 1860, north of the original location. It was besieged by the Dakota (Sioux) Indians for more than six weeks during the Dakota War of 1862. The fort was abandoned in 1877 and the town of Abercrombie, North Dakota, was founded a half mile west in 1884. Abercrombie Township was settled, in part, due to the early presence of the fort.</p><br>
<p>The fort served as a transportation hub as it guarded the Red River Trails used by the Red River ox cart trains of the late fur trade, military supply wagon trains, stagecoach routes, and steamboat traffic on the Red River.</p><br>
<p>The original buildings were either destroyed or sold at public auction when the fort was abandoned, but a Works Progress Administration project in 1939–1940 reconstructed three blockhouses and the stockade (fence) and returned the original military guardhouse to the site. More recent renovations include dismantling the southeast blockhouse and using salvageable materials to renovate the two remaining blockhouses and the guardhouse.</p><br>
<p>A new stockade was constructed and native grasses are allowed to grow in the locations of the missing buildings for visitors to get an idea about the size and shape of the buildings. A visitor&#39;s center was built in the summer of 2007. Today it is known as Fort Abercrombie State Historic Site and includes a modern museum and pavilion in the town of Abercrombie. The fort itself is a quarter mile east.</p><br>
<h2>Dakota War of 1862</h2><br>
<p>During the Dakota War of 1862 a citizen soldiers company was mustered in by Fort Commandant Captain J. Van Der Horck and commanded by Captain T. D. Smith. Another unit was Captain Ambrose Freemans Company of Mounted Men, the "Northern Rangers." In August 1862 its defenses were tested. When increasing Indian activity by reconnaissance parties, drove nearby settlers into the forts stockade. The Sioux besieged Fort Abercrombie for almost six weeks, alternating between occasional sniping and all-out attacks on all four sides of the fort. The garrison and settlers with rifles, shotguns, and howitzers held the fort.</p><br>
<h3>Casualties</h3><br>
<p>Killed:</p><br>
<p>Sgt Edward Wright (Sept 23, 1862)</p><br>
<p>Corporal James Bennett (with party sent to Breckinridge)</p><br>
<p>Ostler Charles W. Soell (Sept 6, 1862)</p><br>
<p>Private Augustus Ruchenell</p><br>
<p>Wounded:</p><br>
<p>Private C. P. Lull (Severely; Sept 23, 1862)</p><br>
<p>Private Edwin M. Wright (Severely; Sept 3, 1862)</p><br>
<p>Nea Skioni  is a village and a community in the peninsula of Kassandra, Chalkidiki, Greece. The population in 2011 was 828 for the village and 854 for the community, which includes the village Frama. Its elevation is 10 m. Nea Skioni is located 7 km southwest of Chaniotis, 7 km west of Agia Paraskevi and 90 km southeast of Thessaloniki. It is named after the ancient city of Scione, whose site was nearby to the east.</p><br>
<p>Nea Skioni was established in 1918 where fisherman huts existed. In 1930, the old village “Tsaprani”, which was located in the mountain of Kassandra, was abandoned.</p><br>
<p>The new village was named after the ancient Skioni, which was the oldest colony. According to Thoukidides it was built after the Trojan War by the Pellineis of Peloponnese, who located there to spend the winter.</p><br>
<p>The village is a popular tourist destination.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>The H. Alexander Walker Residence or Walker Estate is a historic home located in the upper Nuuanu Valley of Honolulu, Hawaii.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1903 by George Rodiek of Hackfield and Company, a naturalised German immigrant. Originally the estate comprised a two-story home with a series of gardens featuring ferns, rocks and orchards, sometimes called the oldest formal Japanese garden in Honolulu.</p><br>
<p>Rodiek served as German consul as well as president of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association. In 1917, he was accused of involvement in the Hindu German Conspiracy to foment revolution in India. Though subsequently given a presidential pardon, he sold the house to Alan Wilcox in 1918 and moved with his family to San Francisco, never to return. In the 1930s the house was purchased by Mr. & Mrs. H. Alexander Walker. Mr. Walker was president of American Factors, the successor firm to Hackfeld and Company, and Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association. Mr. Walker, whose father J.S. Walker was a member of King Kalakauas cabinet, dubbed the gracious estate "Mamalu", meaning "Shady Lawns." The Walkers turned the estate into world-famous orchid gardens.</p><br>
<p>On April 24, 1973, at the request of Una Walker, H. Alexander Walkers widow, the house was added as site 73000665 to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Oahu and listed as a "valuable historic property" by Hawaii Historic Places. Una Walker maintained the estate by making the grounds available for weddings and visitors and as a movie and television set. It appeared in many Hawaii 5-0 and Magnum PI shows. Unas grandson, former Hawaii Attorney General Michael A. Lilly and his wife Cindy Walter were the last members of the Walker family to live on the estate. In 1989, two years after Unas death, the house and its 5.86 acre grounds were sold by the Walker heirs to Masao Nangaku of Minami Group (USA) Inc. for $8.5 million. His intention was to restore the original house to be used as a corporate retreat. He renovated the house and received a Preservation Honor Award from the Historic Hawaii Foundation, as well as a Grand Award in the Building Industry of Americas Renaissance competition.</p><br>
<p>After Nangaku experienced financial problems, Richard Fried and partners took the property over and, in 1998, asked for planning permission to build a chapel to facilitate weddings on the site. When this was refused, the estate was sold to Holy-eye.</p><br>
<p>Master Sun-Don Lee is the founder of Holly Eye, LLC. In 1999, he has renamed the property to Forshang Garden and dedicated this place to his beloved teacher Master YuanDao Bodhisattva. The house and grounds are still being maintained in their original condition.</p><br>
<p>The Atlin Volcanic Field, also called the Llangorse Volcanic Field and the Surprise Lake Volcanic Field, is a group of late-Pleistocene to Holocene cinder cones that lies on the Teslin Plateau east of Atlin Lake, Canada. The largest volcanic feature is the 1880-m-high Ruby Mountain which has been partially dissected by Pleistocene and post-Wisconsin glaciation. Two basaltic cinder cones at the heads of Cracker Creek and Volcanic Creek lie within glacially dissected U-shaped valleys and may be of postglacial age.</p><br>
<h2>November 8, 1898 eruption</h2><br>
<p>A Yukon newspaper reported in 1898 that an eruption was occurring near Atlin about 80 km south of Gladys Lake, near the end of the 19th century. Miners working in the area reportedly were able to work during the dark nights, due to the glow of the eruption. The article also reported that a group of people were going down from the Yukon to investigate the eruption, but no further reports were apparently made. Several recent studies, including a summary by Edwards et al. (2003) published by the Geological Survey of Canada, have determined that Ruby Mountain was definitely not the site of a historic eruption. Nor were Cracker Creek or Volcanic Creek cones.</p><br>
<p>One possible explanation for the story is that placer miners found gold bearing gravels beneath an ancient lava flow at the base of Ruby Mountain, and were actively tunneling under the old lava flow to mine the gravels. As its name suggests, Ruby Mountain is ruby-colored due to the scoriaceous tephra that covers much of its summit. So, with miners working by the light of the summer sun shining off of the ruby-red flanks of the volcano, it&#39;s easy to see how such a rumor would have started. There have been no evidence of the eruption found in the region and the 19th century report is considered uncertain.</p><br>
<h2>Volcanoes</h2><br>
<p>Volcanoes within the field include:</p><br>
<p>Volcanic Creek Cone</p><br>
<p>Cracker Creek Cone</p><br>
<p>Ruby Mountain</p><br>
<p>Llangorse Mountain</p><br>
<p>The Watts Point volcanic centre is a small outcrop of Pleistocene age volcanic rock at Watts Point in British Columbia, Canada, about 10 km south of Squamish and 40 km north of Vancouver, and just north of Britannia Beach. It is the southernmost volcanic zone in the Squamish volcanic field and of the Garibaldi segment of the Cascade Volcanic Arc. The latest research indicates that it is most likely a subglacial mound. It comprises a continuous mass of sparsely porphyritic highly jointed dacitic lava overlying the mid-Cretaceous Coast Plutonic Complex and overlain locally by clay and of glacial till.</p><br>
<p>The volcanic outcrop at Watts Point extends from below the present sea level up the side of a steep slope over 240 m. The outcrop is less than 1 km long, with an area of about 0.4 km&sup2; and an eruptive volume of roughly 0.02 km3. The location is heavily forested, and the BC Rail mainline passes through the lower portion of the outcrop about 40 m above sea level. Two railroad track ballast quarries, one near the middle and the other near the upper edge, provide the best exposure of the interior of the lava mass. BC Highway 99 climbs over the eastern shoulder of the complex before descending to the area of the Stawamus Chief and Murrin Park, south southeast of Squamish.</p><br>
<p>Arley Hall is a country house in the village of Arley, Cheshire, England, about 4 mi south of Lymm and 5 mi north of Northwich. It is home to the owner, Viscount Ashbrook and his family. The house is a Grade II* listed building, as is its adjacent chapel. Formal gardens to the southwest of the hall are also listed at Grade II* on the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. In the grounds are more listed buildings, a cruck barn being listed as Grade I, and the other buildings as Grade II.</p><br>
<p>The hall was built for Rowland Egerton-Warburton between 1832 and 1845, to replace an earlier house on the site. Local architect George Latham designed the house in a style which has become known as Jacobethan, copying elements of Elizabethan architecture. A Gothic Revival chapel designed by Anthony Salvin was subsequently built next to the hall. By the mid-20th century parts of the house were in poor condition and were demolished, to be replaced by five private homes in a matching architectural style.</p><br>
<p>The present gardens were created in the 1830s, and were developed during the 20th century. The garden&#39;s herbaceous border was one of the first of its type in Britain, and remains one of the finest. The house and its gardens have been open to the public since the 1960s, and have also been used as a film location. Stockley Farm, part of the Arley estate, is an additional visitor attraction for children and families.</p><br>
<h2>Hall</h2><br>
<h3>History</h3><br>
<p>The Arley estate has been part of the land held by the Warburton family since the end of the 12th century. In 1469 Piers Warburton moved his principal seat from Warburton to Arley, and built the first house on the site. It consisted of a U-shaped building with the centre of the U facing south. At the north was the great hall, 45 ft long by 26 ft wide. The high table was at the west end and the west wing contained the family apartments. The east wing was the servants wing and included the buttery, pantry and kitchens. The original Arley Hall was constructed as a timber-framed building, and was surrounded by a square moat. A three-storey south front was added in about 1570, making the house a complete square with a large internal courtyard. In the 18th century the structure of the house was deteriorating, so in 1758 Sir Peter Warburton, 4th baronet, completely encased the building in new brick walls. These were finished with stucco to make Neoclassical façades. The massive old chimneys were removed and replaced with small flues within the new walls. Between 1760 and 1763 Elizabeth Raffald, author of one of the centurys most successful cookery books, The Experienced English Housekeeper, worked as the housekeeper at Arley.</p><br>
<p>Structural problems continued. In 1813 the house and estate were inherited by Rowland Egerton-Warburton, who was only aged eight. In 1818 plans were drawn up by Lewis Wyatt to rebuild the west front in Neoclassical style, but these were not implemented. Egerton-Warburton came of age (21) in 1826 and decided to completely replace the house. His intention was that the house should reflect the antiquity of his inheritance, but that it should be constructed using techniques which were modern at the time. He chose George Latham as his architect. Latham, who was practising in Nantwich, was at that time in his twenties and was relatively unknown. He submitted four schemes for a symmetrical Gothic house, but these were not accepted. Then Latham prepared new plans which he called "Queen Elizabethan". He suggested that this could be built for about £5,000–6,000.</p><br>
<p>Every feature in the house had to have an exact model in an existing Elizabethan building. Egerton-Warburton and Latham visited 16th-century houses and studied illustrations to ensure that the features were dated correctly to Queen Elizabeth&#39;s reign. The first phase of the building took place between 1832 and 1835 when the east, north and west wings of the old building were demolished. The house was equipped with modern plumbing and it was raised on arches above the damp Cheshire clays. The second phase of building work, carried out between 1840 and 1845, replaced the old south front. The final cost of the house was almost £30,000 (equivalent to £ in ).</p><br>
<p>In the 20th century Elizabeth Egerton-Warburton inherited the estate. She married Desmond Flower, who became the 10th Viscount Ashbrook, in 1934. Later in the century, parts of the south front were affected by dry rot and decay of the stonework; these were demolished in 1968, together with some of the servants quarters, kitchens and offices, and notably the dining room on the site of the older Great Hall, to reduce maintenance costs. However this was considered detrimental to the buildings architectural integrity, so in 1987 the lost wings were replaced by five new houses, modelled on the style of the hall. These houses were sold as private residences to raise money for the estate.</p><br>
<h3>Architecture</h3><br>
<h4>Exterior</h4><br>
<p>Designed in an "L" shape, the house is built of red brick with blue diaper patterning and stone dressings under a slate roof. It has two principal floors plus attics and a basement. The windows have stone surrounds, mullions and transoms. The south front is symmetrical, with seven bays and a pierced stone parapet. The external bays project forwards and have canted windows. A single-storey porch extends from the central bay. The building has a segmented entrance ornamented by a coat of arms in the spandrels flanked by Ionic columns. The west front includes a first-floor oriel window. The chimneys are in Tudor style, grouped in threes and fours.</p><br>
<h4>Interior</h4><br>
<p>The principal entrance was formerly through the porch on the south front, but its large doors caused too many draughts. In 1862 an entrance was created in the west front, leading to the West Hall, which contains panelling from the old house. The West Hall in turn leads into the Library, which has one of Lathams most elaborate ceilings. The windows contain French stained glass, designed and made in Paris by M. Lusson. The Library leads to the former Front Hall, which was transformed into the Dining Room when the original dining room was demolished in 1968. In the Dining Room is a portrait of a noblemen, attributed to Cornelis Jonson. The Gallery was the familys principal sitting-room during the 19th century. The overmantel of the fireplace contains sculptures depicting St George slaying the dragon and, on each side, personifications of Hope and Patience, with appropriate inscriptions. The Drawing Room is in a different style from the other rooms on the ground floor, being plastered rather than panelled, and it contains much gilding. The room is devoted to the memory of Rowland Egerton-Warburton and contains a number of family portraits. Its coved ceiling, also designed by Latham, has a frieze depicting birds eating grapes. The final room on the ground floor open to the public is the Small Dining Room. It has a barrel-shaped ceiling, again designed by Latham. In the room is a virginal dated 1675 by Stephen Keene, and is one of the oldest surviving English keyboard instruments. Its front is decorated with portraits of Charles II and Queen Catherine. The Grand Staircase is considered to be Latham&#39;s finest work in the house. The staircase itself and the doorways are made of oak, and the decoration is in plasterwork and strapwork. Above the staircase is a glass-walled domed ceiling.</p><br>
<p>On the upper floor, the South Bay Bedroom was originally the principal bedroom. It contains a collection of watercolours by Elizabeth Ashbrook. The Exhibition Room occupies a former dressing room and contains information about the history of the hall. The Emperors Room is named after Prince Louis Napoleon, later Napoleon III, who stayed in the hall during the winter of 1847–48. It contains watercolours by Piers Egerton-Warburton, including pictures of timber-framed buildings in Northwest England and views of Arley and Great Budworth. The final room on the upper floor open to the public is the Generals Room, dedicated to the memory of Sir George Higginson, the great-grandfather of the present Viscount Ashbrook, and contains memorabilia relating to him. Leading back to the ground floor is the Small Staircase, with its balustrade of oak capped with mahogany.</p><br>
<h2>Chapel</h2><br>
<h3>History</h3><br>
<p>Rowland Egerton-Warburton, influenced by the Oxford Movement, decided to add a Gothic chapel to the north-east of the house, and commissioned Anthony Salvin for the design. The chapel was consecrated in September 1845. In 1856–57 a north aisle and entrance porch designed by George Street were added. The chapel is dedicated to St Mary.</p><br>
<h3>Architecture</h3><br>
<p>The chapel is built in red sandstone and rendered brick with a slate and tile roof. The sandstone came from quarries in Runcorn. Its plan consists of a four-bay nave with a north aisle, a two-bay chancel, a porch and a bell turret to the north. On the east front is a canted oriel window supported on a buttress. The bell turret is octagonal with eight lancet openings at the bell stage and is surmounted by a red-tiled spirelet. Inside the chapel is a richly painted iron screen, which hides the central heating, and three corona-shaped chandeliers. The stained glass in the east window, dated 1895, is by Kempe. The font is a richly carved stone bowl on a cluster of marble columns. In the chancel is a piscina and a triple sedilia.</p><br>
<h2>Gardens</h2><br>
<h3>History</h3><br>
<p>The first gardens were created in the 18th century by Sir Peter Warburton, 4th baronet, who developed pleasure grounds, a walled kitchen garden and a landscape park. Sir Peter Warburton, 5th baronet, enlarged the park and engaged William Emes to develop a plan for the park and gardens. These gardens were mainly to the east of the house. In the 19th century Rowland and Mary Egerton-Warburton began to develop the area to the west of the house as pleasure gardens. The new features included a ha-ha designed by George Latham. The present gardens are much as the Egerton-Warburtons designed them. During the Second World War and for some years afterwards, the gardens were used to provide food for the house, and a skeleton staff prevented the pleasure gardens from total decay. In 1960 the gardens were opened to the public. They continue to be maintained in the style of a pre-war country house garden.</p><br>
<h3>Description</h3><br>
<p>The gardens and landscape park have been designated as Grade II* in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. Designation as Grade II* on the Register means that the site is "particularly important, of more than special interest". They have been described as "some of the finest in Britain".</p><br>
<p>The formal gardens cover an area of 12 acre.</p><br>
<p>At the southwest end of the Furlong Drive is the Sundial Circle, which contains a sundial surrounded by a lawn and borders of shrub-roses and other flowering shrubs. From the Sundial Circle a path leads into an area known as the Rootree. This was created in the 19th century as an alpine rock garden but since 1960 it has been planted with flowering shrubs. From the Rootery paths lead to the Fish Garden, a small sunken garden containing a pond, and to the Rough, a semi-wild area. From the north end of the Ilex Avenue a gate leads into the Walled Garden. This was formerly one of the kitchen gardens and was redesigned in 1960. It contains a pond surrounded by statues of four heraldic beasts which were originally on the roof of the house. In the centre of the pond is a modern flower sculpture designed by Tom Leaper. This garden also contains lawns, trees and shrubs. To its east is the Kitchen Garden, where vegetables as well as flowers and crab apples are grown. To the east of the Kitchen Garden are two small gardens, the Herb Garden and the Scented Garden, the former containing herbs and the latter strongly scented flowers and shrubs.</p><br>
<p>The latest area to have been developed is the Grove, to the north and northeast of the hall. This formerly contained the path leading from Arley Green to the chapel but by the early 20th century it had become neglected. Beginning in about 1970 the area has been cleared and planted with a variety of trees, shrubs and bulbs. At the extreme east of the Grove a woodland walk has been created.</p><br>
<h2>Other features</h2><br>
<p>The main entrance to the grounds is through an arch over which is the 19th-century Clock Tower. The clock it contains has only one hand. Extending from the south of the Clock Tower is a building now known as The Ride. This was originally a barn built in 1471 and converted into an indoor riding school in the 19th century. In the other direction, extending to the north of the Clock Tower is another barn, this one dating from about 1602. It is built in brick with stone dressings and has a slate roof. It is now used as a tea shop and kitchen, and is listed Grade II. A Grade II building is "nationally important and of special interest". The forecourt walls and gate piers at the south front of the hall, and the balustrade to the east of the hall are listed Grade II. Both the Walled Garden and the Kitchen Garden are listed Grade II. At the western end of the Herbaceous Border is a structure known as The Alcove which was built about 1790. This is a garden seat enclosed in a decorated surround built in brick, rendered brick and stone. It is listed Grade II.</p><br>
<p>Attached to the north wall of the Kitchen Garden is a greenhouse known as the Vinery which was built in 1872–73. It contains fig trees which were planted shortly after it was built. Originally this had a curved rood but this was replaced in 1921 by the present straight roof. It is listed Grade II. A sundial in the south forecourt of the house is also a Grade II listed structure. It dates from the 18th century and consists of a lead figure of a kneeling American Indian in a loincloth on a stone base with the dial on his head and a 20th-century gnomon. To the north of the Shrub Rose Garden is a half-timbered building known as the Tea Cottage. This was built in the mid-19th century and was used by the family for afternoon tea and garden parties; it now contains panels bearing verses, which were previously part of the tower above the south front of the main house (demolished in 1968). In the Kitchen Garden are two structures. One is a seat enclosed by an arch of Malus trees, known as the Malus Seat. Opposite this is a highly decorated arbour made from white-painted wirework.</p><br>
<p>The estate occupies an area of 2,000 acre, which includes Stockley Farm&#39;s 750 acre. Stockley is an organic farm growing fruit and other crops, and also has 200 milking cows. It is open to the public and is organised as a tourist attraction, particularly targeted at children.</p><br>
<h2>Present day</h2><br>
<p>The hall and estate are situated to the south east of the village of Arley, at the end of a minor road running south from Appleton Thorn. The hall was designated as a Grade II* listed building on 5 March 1959, and the chapel was given the same grading on 7 September 1979. The hall, chapel, gardens, and grounds, are open to the public at advertised times. The hall is licensed for civil wedding ceremonies. Parts of the hall can be hired for private and corporate functions. The hall has been used as a location for filming.</p><br>
<p>A variety of events take place in the hall and its grounds, which, along with the Tudor Barn, are available for corporate or private hire. In 1987 the gardens won the Christies Garden of the Year Award. In 2008 they were selected as one of the Gardens of Distinction for Cheshires Year of the Gardens. Stockley Farm is also open to the public at advertised times. The farm was given the award of Farm Attraction of the year 2007 through the National Farm Attractions Network and in 2008 was the Supreme Champion Farm in the Cheshire Farms Competition.</p><br>
<p>Arley Hall is used as a location for filming and for photoshoots. It appeared in the series Cluedo and has doubled as Soames&#39; house in The Forsyte Saga. It was also used as a backdrop for The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and has been the scene of two Coronation Street weddings. In 2016 it appeared in the BBC television show Peaky Blinders, doubling as a house in Arrow, Warwickshire, where the main character Thomas Shelby lives.</p><br>
<p>Tambo Colorado  is a well-preserved Inca adobe complex near the coast of Peru, also known under the Quechua names Puka Tampu , Pukallaqta  or Pukawasi .</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The site is located just inland from the south coast of Perú in the Pisco River Valley about 40 km along the highway to Ayacucho known as the Via de los Libertadores, close to the town of Pisco. Initial reports from the 2007 Peru earthquake reported no major damage to the site.</p><br>
<p>A High resolution GPS point was shot at the site datum on 2 Aug 2009 using an L2 GPS (Trimble GeoXH with Zephyr).</p><br>
<p>The post-processed position is as follows:</p><br>
<p>Northings: 8484705.386 m (± 0.8 m)</p><br>
<p>Eastings: 410335.884 m (± 0.8 m)</p><br>
<p>Altitude (MSL): 484.849 m (±1.8 m)</p><br>
<p>UTM Zone 18 South, Datum WGS 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site was most likely built at the end of the 15th century during the reign of the Inca king Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui also known as Pachacutec, after the annexation of the merchant kingdom of Chincha.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The site owes its name to the abundant use of colors on the walls. Thanks to favorable (very dry) environmental conditions, many walls at Tambo, both internal and external, retain enough residual colored paint to accurately reconstruct what the original wall painting would have been like. Color here was often applied in horizontal strips of red, black, white, and yellow ochre atop stucco, and variation in color would accentuate architectural features such as niches. Trapezoidal niches at Tambo have one or two recesses each, likely used for the placement of important objects. As with all Inca constructions, the overall dimensions of niche construction are standardized across the entire site.</p><br>
<h2>Lay-out</h2><br>
<p>The site consists of several structures around a large central plaza. The central plaza is shaped like a trapezoid with its largest side being 150 m long. The main structures are grouped together in a northern part and a southern part (Sector Norte and Sector Sur). These structures are known as the Northern palace and the two Southern Palaces, flanked by an Ushnu (raised ceremonial platform) and a building known as the Utilities Structure.</p><br>
<p>The combination of Chincha and Inca architectural techniques can be seen in the place.</p><br>
<h2>Use</h2><br>
<p>It is believed to have been used by the Incas as an administrative and control site on the main road from the coast to the highlands.</p><br>
<h2>Museum</h2><br>
<p>A small on-site museum is located near the entrance of the complex.</p><br>
<p>Edakkal Caves  are two natural caves at a remote location at Edakkal, 25 km from Kalpetta in the Wayanad district of Kerala in India&#39;s Western Ghats. They lie 1,200 m above sea level on Ambukutty Mala, near an ancient trade route connecting the high mountains of Mysore to the ports of the Malabar coast. Inside the caves are pictorial writings believed to date to at least 6,000 BCE, from the Neolithic man, indicating the presence of a prehistoric civilization or settlement in this region. The Stone Age carvings of Edakkal are rare and are the only known examples from South India.</p><br>
<h2>Petroglyphs</h2><br>
<p>These are not technically caves, but rather a cleft, rift or rock shelter approximately 96 ft by 22 ft, a 30 ft fissure caused by a piece of rock splitting away from the main body. On one side of the cleft is a rock weighing several tons that covers the cleft to form the roof of the cave. The carvings are of human and animal figures, tools used by humans and of symbols yet to be deciphered, suggesting the presence of a prehistoric settlement.</p><br>
<p>The petroglyphs inside the cave are of at least three types. The oldest may date back to over 8,000 years. Evidences suggest that the Edakkal caves were inhabited several times at different points in history.</p><br>
<p>The caves were discovered by Fred Fawcett, a police official of the erstwhile Malabar state in 1890 who immediately recognised their anthropological and historical importance. He wrote an article about them, attracting the attention of scholars.</p><br>
<h2>Probable links with Indus valley civilization</h2><br>
<p>The caves contain drawings that range over periods from the Neolithic as early as 5,000 BC to 1,000 BCE. The youngest group of paintings have been in the news for a possible connection to the Indus Valley Civilization.</p><br>
<p>Historian Raghava Varier of the Kerala State Archaeology Department identified a depiction as “a man with jar cup” that is the most distinct motif of the Indus valley civilization. The finding, made in September 2009, indicates that the Harappan civilization was active in the region. The “a man with jar cup” symbol from Edakkal seems to be more similar to the Indus motif than those already known from Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Mr. Varier said “The discovery of the symbols are akin to that of the Harappan civilization having predominantly Dravidian culture and testimony to the fact that cultural diffusion could take place. It is wrong to presume that the Indus culture disappeared into thin air.” Iravatham Mahadevan, a scholar of Indus valley and Brahmi scripts said the findings were very significant called it a "major discovery".</p><br>
<p>Kostal Cone, also called Kostal Volcano and Fire Mountain, is a young cinder cone in Wells Gray Provincial Park in east-central British Columbia, Canada. It rises from the northeast shore of Kostal Lake in the Cariboo Mountains. With an elevation of 1,440 m, Kostal Cone is one of the lowest volcanoes in the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field.</p><br>
<p>There has been activity at this site as recently as 7,600 years ago, though more likely less than 1,000 years ago. Kostal Cone is too young for the commonly used potassium-argon dating technique (usable on specimens over 100,000 years old), and no charred organic material for radiocarbon dating has been found. However, the uneroded structure of the cone with the existence of trees on its flanks and summit have it an area for dendrochronology studies, which reveals the growth of tree-ring patterns. Tree-growth data has revealed an age of 400 years for Kostal Cone, making it the youngest volcano in the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field and one of the youngest volcanoes in Canada.</p><br>
<p>Kostal Cone is made of fragmented and solidified lava called cinder and its summit contains a bowl-shaped crater. Kostals cinders were ejected by lava fountain eruptions and accumulated around the volcanos vent in the shape of a cone when they fell back around its surroundings. Lava flows from Kostals 400 BP eruption are basaltic in composition and forms a lava bed. It is an example of volcanic activity that has occurred in the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field since the last glacial period; others include the Dragons Tongue lava flow from Dragon Cone just north of Kostal Cone and the Flourmill Volcanoes north of Mahood Lake.</p><br>
<p>Songnisan is a mountain and National Park in South Korea. It lies in the Sobaek mountains along the border between Gyeongsangbuk-do and Chungcheongbuk-do. Its main attractions are the temple Beopjusa and an especially picturesque peak, Munjangdae . The mountain&#39;s highest peak is Cheonhwangbong, at 1,058.4 m.</p><br>
<p>Literally ‘Mountain Removed from Worldliness,’ Songnisan is where the 7th-century Buddhist Beopjusa temple is still located.</p><br>
<h2>Park Details</h2><br>
<p>The park total area is 234.5 square kilometers and is divided into three areas. These are Beopjusa, Hwayang, and Hwabuk. Over 1000 species of fauna live in the park and there are at least 830 species of flora. There are a total of 9 peaks, and 17 known temples.</p><br>
<p>The Beopjusa Buddhist temple is the largest temple in central Korea and home to several Korean national treasures and the world&#39;s largest bronze Buddha.</p><br>
<p>Before the entrance, and on the hillsides above the Beopjsua temple there are many sculptures of turtles. One can be seen in the river just down stream of the temple and it is made from three boulders. One boulder with carved eyes representing the head and two representing the front flippers.</p><br>
<h2>Munjangdae</h2><br>
<p>Originally, Munjangdae(문장대, 文藏臺) was called Unjangdae(운장대, 雲藏臺) because of a big peak rises high into sky and is hidden in the cloud. One day, while King Sejo of Joseon took a rest and recuperation in Songnisan, a young nobleman appeared in his dream and said "If you climb into the sacred peak and pray there, your body will be improved." According to his words, King Sejo visited the peak and found the book describing the three moral rules to practice five human relations on the top. He read the book all day long on the spot. It was called Munjangdae after that.</p><br>
<p>Seed Lake is a 240-acre  reservoir with 13 miles  of shoreline located in Rabun County, in the northeastern corner of Georgia, United States. It is the second lake in a series of six lakes that follow the original riverbed of the Tallulah River. Each lake in the chain is created by hydroelectric dams operated by Georgia Power. Lake Seed is sandwiched between the northernmost lake in the series, Lake Burton, and Lake Rabun. Lake Rabun is followed by Lake Tallulah Falls, Lake Tugalo, and Lake Yonah. The reservoir elevation is listed as 1,765 feet on topographic maps, but Georgia Power considers the lake full at an elevation of 1,752.5 feet.</p><br>
<p>Seed Lake was formed in 1927 with the completion of the Nacoochee Dam, a gravity concrete and masonry dam that is 75 feet high and spans 490 feet. The associated Nacoochee Hydroelectric Plant has a capacity of 4,800 kilowatts. Nacoochee is derived from the Cherokee word that means “evening star.”</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>Smarts Mountain is a 3,238 ft mountain in the town of Lyme in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. Smarts is flanked to the north by Mount Cube, at 2,909 ft, and to the southwest by Holts Ledge, at 2,110 ft. Although of only moderate elevation, Smarts is separated from the southwestern White Mountains by Oliverian Notch, a fairly low pass traversed by New Hampshire Route 25 southwest of Mount Moosilauke. That gives Smarts a relative height of 2,190 ft, which makes it one of twelve mountains in New Hampshire with a prominence over 2,000 ft.</p><br>
<p>The northwest and south sides of the mountain drain by several brooks into the Connecticut River and thence south into Long Island Sound in Connecticut. The northeast side drains east into the South Branch of the Baker River, and thence via the Pemigewasset and Merrimack rivers into the Gulf of Maine in Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>Smarts Mountain is the southernmost significant mountain in New Hampshire on the Appalachian Trail, a 2,170 mi National Scenic Trail from Georgia to Maine. Smarts is outside the White Mountain National Forest, but the trail runs through a narrow corridor along the ridges which is administered by the Forest Service.</p><br>
<p>There was a Learjet plane crash on the mountain in 1996, as well as a Piper Apache twin crash in 1971.</p><br>
<p>Mount Murchison is a mountain on the West Coast Range, located in the West Coast region of Tasmania, Australia.</p><br>
<p>At 1,275 m above sea level, it is the highest mountain in the range and within the top thirty highest mountains in Tasmania.</p><br>
<h2>Location and features</h2><br>
<p>Lying close to the Williamsford and Tullah mining areas, the mountain is often found referred to in early photographs. It lies east of Zeehan, and Mount Read, and north of Mount Tyndall. The track to the summit takes approximately six hours to complete.</p><br>
<p>From the trig point the nearby Towns of Tullah, Rosebery and Zeehan can be seen on a clear day. Mount Murchison is for moderately experienced climbers and contains sections that includes loose and sometimes slippery rock.</p><br>
<p>The geology of the ground around the mountain relates to the range of mining activities nearby.</p><br>
<p>On the south eastern side there a number of lakes, some unnamed. From the north, they are Shaded Lake, Little Sister, Lake Gaye and Lake Sandra lying to the east of the southernmost part of the main mountain, and below a very steep cliff.</p><br>
<p>According to local tradition, it is considered good luck to throw a sausage off the top of the mountain to ward off animals on the descent.</p><br>
<p>It was named by Charles Gould in the early 1860s.</p><br>
<p>Olds, Wortman & King, also known as Olds & King, was a department store in Portland, Oregon, United States, established under a different name in 1851 and becoming Olds & King in 1878, on its third change of ownership. The store was renamed Olds, Wortman & King in 1901; Olds & King again in 1944; and Rhodes in 1960. Moving several times within the downtown Portland area, the store settled at 10th & Morrison in 1910, in a large new building that remained in operation as a department store until 1974 and is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Since 1976, the building has been known as the Galleria.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The company traces its ancestry to a small store established in 1851 by Henry Corbett at the intersection of Front and Oak streets in downtown Portland; it was the citys first general merchandise store. Later in the 1850s, the store moved to Front & Taylor and was operated by brothers Robert and Finley McLaren, although Corbett continued to be a principal supplier of goods for the store. John Wilson purchased the store in 1856. Wilsons store moved in 1868, to Front Street near Morrison Street. In 1878, Wilson sold the shop to William Parker Olds, who had worked as a clerk there since 1869, and Olds stepfather, Samuel Willard King, and the business became Olds & King, or Olds & Kings. At that time, the store was located at 147 3rd Street. It moved again in 1881, 1887 and 1891, but never very far.</p><br>
<p>John Wortman joined the firm in 1890, and later Hardy C. Wortman also purchased into it, leading eventually to its renaming as Olds, Wortman & King at the beginning of 1901. The store&#39;s location since 1891 was 5th & Washington, but growth in business led the owners to begin planning in 1908 for a move to a larger building.</p><br>
<h3>Landmark store</h3><br>
<p>In 1909–1910, the company built its large new store in the block bounded by Morrison, Alder, 10th and 9th streets in downtown. The new building was five stories tall, plus a basement, and was the first store in the Northwest to occupy an entire city block (200 x in downtown Portland). The site had previously been occupied by the mansion of Sylvester Pennoyer, a former Oregon governor (1886–1895) and Portland mayor (1896–1898). The old store was closed upon the opening of the new one. The new location was criticized by some as being too far from the central business district, which generally extended a few blocks from the waterfront at that time, but within a few years the business district had expanded westwards.</p><br>
<p>The buildings interior was designed by the Portland architectural firm of Doyle, Patterson & Beach. The store included a 53 x atrium in the center, topped by a large skylight and was equipped with other amenities that were considered very modern for the time, at least in a city the size of Portland. Among these were the elevators, six in total (in two banks of three), which rose and descended in exposed shafts facing the atrium, within ironwork cages. Each was controlled by an elevator operator. Also considered novel and advanced at the time were the glass display cases illuminated with "hidden electric lights" and a telephone-based credit system that enabled instant verification of a customers credit status, making purchasing on credit simpler and faster than previously. There was a tea room with mahogany furniture, a nursery and children&#39;s playroom, and a roof garden. A 1926 remodeling replaced the hardwood floors in the main aisles with marble.</p><br>
<p>The buildings white exterior is lined with relatively simple terra cotta designs. There are rusticated columns at street level. Each of the roofs four corners is topped by a tall flagpole. The store had one entrance on each of its four sides, all but one in the center of the block.</p><br>
<h3>Ownership changes, second store</h3><br>
<p>The company was bought in 1925 by the B.F. Schlesinger Company (which also owned The City of Paris store in San Francisco, Schlesinger & Sons in Oakland, and Rhodes Brothers in Tacoma). At that time, Olds, Wortman & King was one of the largest retail businesses in the city and was employing 1,200 people. In 1941, B.F. Schlesinger Company changed its name to Western Department Stores, Inc. In 1944, the name of its Portland subsidiary was shortened again to Olds & King. A five-year remodeling in 1946–51, led by Portland architect Pietro Belluschi, included replacement of the passenger elevators with more modern ones, installation of escalators and closure of the atrium (in 1949), among other changes.</p><br>
<p>Western opened a second Olds & King store in Portlands then-new Gateway Shopping Center (at NE 102nd Avenue and Halsey Street) in 1956, but in 1960 Western changed its name to Rhodes Western and renamed as "Rhodes" all of its stores that were not already using that name (prior to this, Western had also operated stores under two other names, Kahns and Olds & King). The 13-store Rhodes chain was taken over by AMFAC Merchandising Corporation, parent of Liberty House, in 1969. The downtown Rhodes store, the last in Portland to carry the Rhodes name, closed on February 2, 1974. The building remained vacant for some time.</p><br>
<h2>The Galleria</h2><br>
<p>In 1975, Portland developers Bill Naito and Sam Naito purchased the building and began converting it into a multi-level shopping center, which they named The Galleria. Opened in 1976, the Galleria was an indoor shopping arcade for dozens of small stores and restaurants, and has been described as downtown Portland&#39;s first shopping mall. Retail shops and restaurants occupied the first three floors, while floors 4 and 5 were leased to companies in the wholesale apparel business.</p><br>
<p>Three months after the Galleria&#39;s opening, The Oregonian newspaper referred to the project as being possibly "the most exciting development in downtown merchandising in several decades." In the mid-1970s, retailing was increasingly migrating from the city center to new suburban shopping malls, and fewer and fewer shoppers were coming to downtown, a trend that the Naitos hoped to slow or reverse through this project and others. The renovations included opening up the interior by restoring the 1949-closed central atrium and adding a large central stairway. By 1977, when the reconfigured building reached full occupancy, 48 merchants were leasing space there. and continued to thrive for several years.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991, as the "Olds, Wortman and King Department Store". It is currently home to the Portland location of the Le Cordon Bleu College of Culinary Arts (formerly the Western Culinary Institute), on the 5th floor, and Sanford–Brown Portland on the 4th floor. The ground floor has a Brooks Brothers store and a Le Cordon Bleu restaurant. A MAX light rail station, Galleria/SW 10th Avenue station, was opened next to the building in 1986, across the street from its Morrison Street side. Since 2001, the Portland Streetcar line has passed the Galleria&#39;s west side, on 10th Avenue.</p><br>
<p>In spring 2011, it was reported that Target Corporation was considering remodeling the Gallerias second and third floors as a Target store, which would be that chains first Portland store set in a dense, urban location rather than a suburban-style environment. Construction began in February 2012, and the store opened in July 2013.</p><br>
<p>Hart Mountain is a fault-block mountain, in Lake County, Oregon, USA It lies about 30 mi to the east of Lakeview.</p><br>
<p>It is sometimes confused with a mountain range, but is more properly described as a mountain. The two highest peaks are Warner Peak and Hart Peak. Warner Peak is the highest point on the mountain, at 8,024 ft.</p><br>
<p>Hart Mountain is named for the heart-shaped brand used by the pioneer ranchers Henry C. Wilson and his son-in-law C.G. Alexander. Their ranch was located in the Warner Valley at the base of Hart Mountain.</p><br>
<p>The top of the mountain is part of the Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge, with pronghorn antelope and bighorn sheep. At the western base of the mountain lies the Warner Wetlands ACEC, a reserve managed by the Bureau of Land Management and home to waterfowl and other wildlife. A trail leads half a mile into the wetlands to a hide.</p><br>
<p>The Iskut-Unuk River Cones are a group of eight small basaltic centres at the southern end of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province in the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains, in western North America. The lava flows date back 70,000 years, but the subaerial vents produced cinder cones and lava flows that were probably all active between about 9,000 and a few hundred years ago. The last lava flows were erupted from The Volcano about 150 years ago. Iskut Canyon Cone produced at least 10 thick lava flows which initially dammed the Iskut River.</p><br>
<h2>Volcanoes</h2><br>
<p>Cinder Mountain</p><br>
<p>Cone Glacier Volcano</p><br>
<p>Iskut Canyon Cone</p><br>
<p>King Creek Cone</p><br>
<p>The Volcano</p><br>
<p>Seconed Canyon Cone</p><br>
<p>Snippaker Creek Cone</p><br>
<p>Tom MacKay Creek Cone</p><br>
<p>The name of these in the Tlingit language is Seikhulé, referring to the mountains not being flooded during Aangalakhú (the Great Flood) and they were one of the high peaks used as a refuge during that time.</p><br>
<p>The Bussen is a mountain in southern Germany, in the region of Upper Swabia, with an elevation of 787 metres . It is also known as the Holy Mountain of Upper Swabia. It is situated on the border between the Swabian Alb and Upper Swabia proper. Being one of the most visited places of pilgrimage in Upper Swabia, it also has views as far as the Alps more than 100 km to the south.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Bussen is in the west of the district of Biberach in the state of Baden-Württemberg between Lake Federsee and the city of Riedlingen. It is one of the highest mountains in Upper Swabia. In clear weather conditions, it is possible to see the Münster in Ulm as well as the chain of mountains stretching from Füssen in southern Bavaria to the Säntis in Switzerland. The village of Offingen, part of the municipality of Uttenweiler, is situated on the southern slopes of theussen.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>When the mountain range of the Alps was formed during the tertiary period, the Bussen was part of the folding up process. The mountain is protected from erosion by a layer of limestone, which is up to 8 metres (26 ft) thick. The mountain glaciers of the ice ages were not able to surmount it as a result of which the mountain was not levelled and still exists today.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Due to its exposed location, the Bussen has been visited and revered since prehistoric times. The Celts used the mountain for sacrifices during their fertility rites. A church on top of the mountain was first mentioned in a charter dating from the reign of Charlemagne in 805, when the church was transferred to the monastery of St. Gallen. From this time on, the Bussen has been known as a place of pilgrimage.</p><br>
<p>During the 13th century, an imperial castle owned by the Hohenstaufen was mentioned. After the fall of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, the castle irst passed into the possession of the Counts of Veringen, subsequently falling to the house of Habsburg. In 1387, the mountain was mortgaged to the Truchsess of Waldburg. The military and political function of the Bussen came to an end in 1633, when the castle was destroyed by Swedish troops during the Thirty Years&#39; War.</p><br>
<p>In 1786, the Waldburg dynasty sold the Lordship Bussen to Karl Anselm, 4th Prince of Thurn and Taxis. Following the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss, the mediatisation and secularisation of numerous secular and ecclesiastical principalities within the former Holy Roman Empire, the Lordship was annexed by the newly formed Kingdom of Württemberg in 1806.</p><br>
<h2>Pilgrimage church St John the Baptist</h2><br>
<p>A pilgrimage church was first mentioned in 805. The existing church originally was built in 1516 and is dedicated to St John the Baptist. The choir and the spire date from this period. The nave, however, was pulled down and rebuilt in a larger dimension during restoration and renovation works carried out between 1960 and 1963.</p><br>
<p>Pilgrimages to the church in order to venerate the Virgin Mary, represented by a 16th-century Pietà, have been recorded since 1521. Beginning in the 1950s, the Bussen became the destination of a large pilgrimage procession during Pentecost.</p><br>
<p>Seitz Canyon is one of the major canyons and valleys within the Ruby Mountains of Elko County, in the northeastern section of the state of Nevada in the western United States. Approximately 5.5 mi in length, it was extensively sculptured by glaciers in previous ice ages. Remote, scenic, and ecologically diverse, it is protected in both the Ruby Mountains Wilderness Area and the Seitz-Echo Research Natural Area.</p><br>
<p>The main branch of Seitz Canyon begins at the summit of Mt. Silliman, at an elevation of 11,250 ft. This high ridge also includes Mt. Gilbert at 11,120 ft, and an unnamed peak at 11,035 ft. The canyon then drops to the north as a spectacular headwall of over 2,000 ft to a nearly level basin that includes Seitz Lake.</p><br>
<p>It is here that the greatest evidence for glacial sculpturing can be found. The canyon shows a classic U-shaped cross section, and many patches of bare granite still retain the dark patina and striations caused by direct contact with the lower surface of the glacier that once filled this valley.</p><br>
<p>From Seitz Lake the canyon makes a more gradual descent to its middle section 8,000 ft, an area that includes a dense stand of aspen trees and beaver ponds. It then descends again to its large lower section 7,000 ft, which includes an open forest of aspen and white fir trees, sagebrush flats, and the junction with the south branch of the canyon. Towering 1,500 ft above are granite cliffs and pinnacles.</p><br>
<p>Like its neighbor to the north, Lamoille Canyon, Seitz Canyon is branched. The southern fork begins at the highest point of the range, the north face of Ruby Dome 11,387 ft. Nearby are two other tall peaks known locally as Ruby Pyramid and Seitz Peak. The canyon descends steeply in four steps before merging with the main branch of the canyon.</p><br>
<p>This southern branch of the canyon may have once drained into the adjacent smaller valley of Thompson Creek. By this theory, early glaciers were able to break through the narrow ridge separating the canyons, and subsequently flow into the deeper main branch of Seitz Canyon. The result is that Thompson Creek is now a reverse hanging valley, with its source perched 1,200 ft up the wall of Seitz Canyon. This merger also led to a large area of exposed granite at the bottom of Seitz Canyon, and a steep cascade of the stream nearly 1,000 ft long.</p><br>
<p>The merger of the two branches of Seitz Canyon forms Rabbit Creek, which drains into Pleasant Valley and then meanders across Lamoille Valley before merging with the Humboldt River near the community of Halleck. As the stream exits the range, it passes the last unusual feature of Seitz Canyon, the best examples of lateral moraines in the Ruby Mountains. These ridges were formed as the glaciers dropped the rocks they had scraped from higher slopes. The moraines show the curve the glaciers took as they exited the confines of the rocky canyon, and exhibit multiple secondary ridges produced as the glaciers retreated at the end of the last ice age.</p><br>
<p>The canyon (and the lake within it) was named after brothers George and Edward Seitz, who were early ranchers in Pleasant Valley. George eventually left the area, but Ed Seitz became the sheriff of Elko County in 1869.</p><br>
<p>Lavon Lake is a fresh water reservoir located in southeast Collin County, Texas on the East Fork of the Trinity River near Wylie off of State Highway 78. It is commonly called Lake Lavon for commercial and recreational purposes but Lavon Lake is its official name according to the USA Army Corps of Engineers. It was originally called Lavon Reservoir.</p><br>
<h2>Statistics</h2><br>
<p>Length: 9,540 ft</p><br>
<p>Maximum Depth: 38 ft</p><br>
<p>Surface Area: 21,400 acre</p><br>
<p>Conversion storage capacity: 275,000 acre.ft</p><br>
<p>Conservation Pool Elevation: 492 ft msl</p><br>
<p>Spillway level is 503.5 ft</p><br>
<p>Shoreline Length: 121 mi</p><br>
<p>Wildlife Management Area: 6,400 acres</p><br>
<p>Date Impounded: September 14, 1953</p><br>
<p>Owned by: United States Government (The North Texas Municipal Water District, the local cooperative agency, has rights to 100,000 acre.ft of water in the conservation pool of the lake)</p><br>
<p>Operated by: USA Army Corps of Engineers</p><br>
<p>PURPOSE:</p><br>
<p>Flood control</p><br>
<p>Water supply</p><br>
<p>Recreation</p><br>
<p>The lake serves as a water source for thousands of North Texas residents. Lavon Lake is a part of the system.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Started in 1948 and completed in 1953 the Lavon Dam was created to impound the upstream East Fork of the Trinity River, many of its tributaries and the areas immediately surrounding them. The reservoir was primarily designed for preventing seasonal flooding of rich bottomland in southeastern Collin County and water storage. Its construction also stimulated land development along the shores of the lake and recreational use of the water and adjacent land areas. In 1962, Congressional approval was given to modify the project to increase storage for water supply because of the growing water supply need of the area. Also part of the modification was to add recreation as a purposes for the lake. This focused management and development toward of public use, recreational activities, and stewardship of the water and land areas.</p><br>
<h2>Fishing</h2><br>
<p>Lavon Lakes&#39;s dominant fish species are the largemouth bass, white bass, blue catfish, and crappie.</p><br>
<p>Philosophy Hall is a building on the campus of Columbia University in New York City. It houses the English, Philosophy, and French departments, along with the universitys writing center, part of its registrars office, and the student lounge of its Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. It is one of the original buildings designed for the university&#39;s Morningside Heights campus by McKim, Mead, and White, built in the Italian Renaissance Revival style and completed in 1910. Philosophy Hall is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and has been designated a National Historic Landmark as the site of the invention of FM radio by Edwin Armstrong in the early 1930s.</p><br>
<p>The space now occupied by the registrar formerly housed electrical engineering laboratories in which Michael I. Pupin and Edwin Howard Armstrong made several major technological breakthroughs. The building has been home to such notable faculty members as philosophers John Dewey, Frederick J. E. Woodbridge and Ernest Nagel, Guadeloupean novelist Maryse Condé, French literary scholar Michael Riffaterre, poet Kenneth Koch and English literary scholars Lionel Trilling, Edward Said, Carolyn Heilbrun, Quentin Anderson, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak and Mark Van Doren.</p><br>
<p>Philosophy Hall was not occupied by protesters during the 1968 protests. It served instead as a refuge for faculty and a site of contentious debates among them concerning student conduct.</p><br>
<p>The lawn in front of Philosophy Hall is the site of an original cast of The Thinker (Le Penseur), one of the most famous pieces by French sculptor Auguste Rodin.</p><br>
<p>The hall was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2003.</p><br>
<p>It is one of only a handful of buildings on the Columbia campus named for an academic discipline, and not an individual. The others include Mathematics, Journalism, and International Affairs.</p><br>
<p>The Beach Boys Historic Landmark commemorates the site of the childhood home of Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson of The Beach Boys. The monument, located at 3701 W. 119th Street, Hawthorne, California, stands on the former location of the Wilsons&#39; house, which was demolished in the mid-1980s during construction of the Century Freeway.</p><br>
<p>Music industry notables such as Dick Clark and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame were among the letter-writers who supported the BBHL&#39;s landmark application process. Its status as a California State Historic Landmark NO. 1041 Site of the Childhood Home of the Beach Boys was granted by the California State Historic Resources Commission in a unanimous vote on August 6, 2004, in Ontario, California, and the monument was dedicated on May 20, 2005.</p><br>
<p>The image face of the landmark was inspired by the album cover of Surfer Girl. The lineup of the Beach Boys at that time was Brian, Carl, and Dennis; their cousin Mike Love; and David Marks (who grew up in a house across the street from the Wilson home.) Al Jardine, the groups original bassist, would later rejoin the band soon before Davids departure. Six gold 45 records are embedded in the base of the landmark, each with the name of one of the Beach Boys; the three Wilson brothers to the left, and Love, Marks and Jardine to the right. The names of donors, Wilson friends and family members, and the Beach Boys Landmark Committee are engraved into the monument bricks. The construction work was undertaken by Scott Wilson, Dennis&#39;s adopted son.</p><br>
<p>The landmark plaque reads:</p><br>
<p>It was here that the childhood home of Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson developed their unique musical skills. During Labor Day weekend 1961, they, their cousin Mike Love, and a friend Al Jardine, gathered here to record a tape of their breakthrough song “Surfin’.” This marked the birth of the rock group known worldwide as the Beach Boys, and the beginning of a historic musical legacy. The music of the Beach Boys broadcast to the world an image of California as a place of sun, surf, and romance.</p><br>
<p>Less than a month after the unveiling of the landmark, it was targeted by graffiti vandals.</p><br>
<p>The Palouse Falls lies on the Palouse River, about 4 mi upstream of the confluence with the Snake River in southeast Washington, United States. The falls are 198 ft in height. The falls consists of an upper falls with a drop around 20 ft, which lies 1,000 ft north-northwest of the main drop, and a lower falls, with a drop of 198 ft.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The canyon at the falls is 115 m deep, exposing a large cross-section of the Columbia River Basalt Group. These falls and the canyon downstream are an important feature of the channeled scablands created by the great Missoula floods that swept periodically across eastern Washington and across the Columbia River Plateau during the Pleistocene epoch.</p><br>
<p>The ancestral Palouse River flowed through the currently dry Washtucna Coulee to the Columbia River. The Palouse Falls and surrounding canyons were created when the Missoula floods overtopped the south valley wall of the ancestral Palouse River, diverting it to the current course to the Snake River by erosion of a new channel.</p><br>
<p>The area is characterized by interconnected and hanging flood-created coulees, cataracts, plunge pools, kolk-created potholes, rock benches, buttes, and pinnacles typical of scablands. Palouse Falls State Park is located at the falls, protecting this part of the uniquely scenic area.</p><br>
<h2>Economic proposals</h2><br>
<p>In 1984, the Franklin County Public Utility District proposed a 30-m-high dam be constructed upstream of the falls, allowing for a significant hydraulic head for hydroelectric power generation. This would have provided over one-third of the county&#39;s power and would have reduced ratepayer charges substantially. However, the majority of the ratepayers declined to approve the investment, preserving this geologically significant feature.</p><br>
<h2>Palouse Falls State Park</h2><br>
<p>The falls are included in Washingtons Palouse Falls State Park, which provides access to the falls and has displays explaining the regions unique geology, as well as its historical ties (the Palouse Indians and the Mullan Road both took advantage of the easy access to the plateau in the vicinity of the falls).</p><br>
<h2>Kayaking</h2><br>
<p>On April 21, 2009, Tyler Bradt ran the falls in a kayak, setting an unofficial world record for the highest waterfall run. Bradts media agent released the video footage of him dropping over the falls to Sports Illustrated, which carried it on its website. The magazine carried a two-page photo of the feat in its May 18 issue. The photos were also reproduced in Spains Hola magazine&#39;s international issue of September 23, 2009.</p><br>
<h3>Height of the falls</h3><br>
<p>As a result of the unofficial world record for the highest waterfall run, questions were raised about the correct height of the main drop for the falls. In the interest of claiming a world record, Bradt&#39;s team measured the falls and determined the height was 186 ft from the top pool immediately above main drop to the plunge pool immediately below. A regional paper, The Spokesman-Review, inquired with Washington state officials and determined that the previous height measurement was performed in 1945 using earlier techniques; the state was not prepared to perform an updated measurement using laser surveying equipment. However, a Whitman College geology professor led a team of students who determined:</p><br>
<p>The height of the plunge pool and the top pool both vary with river flows, but not uniformly.</p><br>
<p>The flow peak for 2009 was 8,300 cuft/s on January 9 - at that time the river top pool elevation was 12 ft higher than when the measurements were made on August 18.</p><br>
<p>The estimated plunge pool elevation difference between January and August was 7 ft.</p><br>
<p>Hence, a 5 ft variability was seen in the height of falls over this period.</p><br>
<p>The likely height of the falls at the main drop during the highest waterfall record attempt was between 175 and 180 ft.</p><br>
<h2>Official state waterfall</h2><br>
<p>On February 12, 2014, the Washington House of Representatives passed HB 2119 unanimously to make Palouse Falls the official state waterfall in Washington. The proposal for the bill originated when a group of elementary school students in the nearby town of Washtucna lobbied the state legislature.</p><br>
<p>The Cottonwood Paper Mill  is an abandoned stone structure located at the mouth of Big Cottonwood Canyon in Cottonwood Heights, Utah. It was built in 1883 by the Deseret News under the direction of Henry Grow. Workers used paper making equipment brought in from the old Sugar House Paper Mill to grind logs from nearby canyons into pulp. Rags gathered from old clothes were also used to produce the pulp, which was then placed into molds and dried. During its operation, the mill could yield up to 5 tons of paper per day.</p><br>
<p>The mill provided jobs and paper for nearly ten years. But the completion of the railroad had made paper significantly cheaper to obtain. In 1892, the Cottonwood Paper Mill was sold to Granite Paper Mills Company. On April 1, 1893, a fire broke out inside. Between its large stockpile of paper and the fact that many who heard the alarm thought it to be an April Fool&#39;s joke, the mill was destroyed, leaving only a stone skeleton.</p><br>
<p>The structure was partially rebuilt in 1927 for use as an open-air dance hall, known as the Old Mill Club, and remained so until the 1940s. It was also used in the 1970s and 1980s as a haunted house and a craft boutique. It was declared a historic site by the Daughters of the Utah Pioneers in 1966, and was condemned by the city of Cottonwood Heights in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Cottonwood Paper Mill is also known as "Granite Paper Mill," "Deseret Paper Mill," "Old Mill" (a title shared by several newer buildings in the vicinity) and "Haunted Old Mill."</p><br>
